WEBINAR ON
Topic: Oral Solid Dosage Form
By:Mrs.Bhagyashri Vivek Chaudhari
M.Pharm (QA)
Organized by
Shivajirao S. Jondhale College of Pharmacy,
Asangaon.
ORAL SOLID DOSAGE FORM
Introduction:
The oral route of drug administration is the most important method
of administering drugs for systemic effect.
The parenteral route of administration is important in treating
medical emergencies.
In liquid dosage for dosage measurement are typically in error by a
factor ranging from 20 to 50% when drug is self-administered by the
patient.
Orally administered solid dosage forms represents the perfect and
preferred class of product.
Oral Solid Dosage (OSD):
A term that refers to a final drug product therapy that is ingested through the
mouth, dissolved in the digestive system, and delivered to the body through
absorption into the bloodstream.
Today, OSD drug products are the most common dose form. Physicians prescribe
for a variety of indications.
OSD is such a dominant delivery form for three main reasons.
Its relatively easy to administered
Its east to distinguish one OSD product from another
OSD manufacturing methods are well understood and well-developed.
The most common OSD forms are; tablets and capsules. Both forms are
comprised of an active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), which can also be
called a drug substance and dry powder ingredients (excipients).
Tablet forms are made through compression and can either be coated, meaning
they have an extra layer to create a smooth surface, or uncoated.
Capsules are created through a coating process, where the drug substances and
dry ingredients layer around a seed material.
Depending upon the therapeutic use of the OSD product, it will have an
immediate, sustained, controlled or extended release.
The overall goal for OSD processing regardless of the type of product is to create
a formulation that ensures each dose- a single tablet or capsule- is consistent.
Each one has a repetable distribution of ingredients, and there is consistency of
dissolution and bioavailability to ensure that the drug product is safe and
effective.
Advantages of OSD:
More stable than other dosage forms.
Easy to pack, handle and transport.
Easy to administer.
Easy to formulate as controlled release.
Disadvantages of OSD:
Requires expensive machines to manufacture.
Difficult to swallow in paediatric and geriatrics.
Slow onset of action.
First pass metabolism reduces efficacy.
TABLETS
Introduction:
Pharmaceutical tablets are solid unit dosage form, prepared by compressing a
drugs or mixture of drugs, with or without excipients.
It is the most popular dosage form and 70% of the total medicines are dispensed
in the form of tablets.
All medicaments are available in the tablet form except where it is difficult to
formulate or administer.
Advantages:
Large scale production at lowest cost
Easy to pack, ship and transport.
Provides accurate dose.
Low cost as compared to liquids and injectables.
Stable than liquid formulations.
Possible to combine more than one drug.
Ease of handling
Odour and taste of drug can be masked by coating.
Disadvantages:
Swallowing difficulties in geriatrics and paediatrics.
Difficult to compress amorphous and low dense drugs.
Specially designed tablets are costlier.
Difficult to incorporate liquids.
Not suitable for drug with poor wetting and dissolution.
Example: Paracetamol tablet
CAPSULES
Introduction:
The term capsule is derived from the Latin word capsula, meaning a small
container.
Capsules are the solid dosage forms in which the drug formulation in a powder,
semisolid or liquid form is enclosed in a shell. This shell is generally made from
gelatin but can be made from other polymers such as hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or starch.
Types of capsules:
Depending upon the composition of the gelatin shell, the capsules can be
categorized into;
1. Hard gelatin capsules
2. Soft gelatin capsules
Hard gelatin capsule-
Hard gelatin capsules, such as hard gelatin or HPMC capsules, are typically used
for powder or solid fills (dry fills capsules).
Its disintegration time is 30 minutes
Made up from gelatin+ sugar+ water
This capsules are prepared in two parts consisting of body and a cap
These capsules are generally available in a cylindrical shape
Soft gelatin capsule-
This capsules are prepared as a single piece of gelatin.
Made up from gelatin+ plasticizer+ water
Disintegration time is 60 minutes
These capsules are used for semisolid or liquid fills.
Soft gelatin capsules are available in oval, round like shapes.
ADVANTAGES:
Easy to swallow.
Masks unpleasant odor and bitter taste of API
Easy to handle and transport
Minimum excipients are required.
Are economic, attractive and available in wide range of colors.
DISADVANTAGES:
Not suitable for highly soluble, efflorescent and deliquescent drugs.
Require special storage conditions.
Example: Amoxicillin capsules
THANK YOU!
