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Who’s Presenting?

Mendoza, Chantal Mendoza, Gerlyn Mendoza, Katrina Marasigan, Pauline

N E X T T O P R E S E N TAT I O N
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R E L E VA N T E T H I C O - L E G A L G U I D E L I N E S I N C O N D U C T I N G

HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Ethical considerations include patient autonomy, the quantity of
information provided, and the roles of all parties involved. The key legal
considerations center on consent, standard of care, and supervision.
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OVERVIEW:

Topic 1 Topic 2 Topic 3 Topic 4

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PHILIPPINE NURSING

CODE OF ETHICS
Explanation :
• Promulgated by the Philippine Regulatory Board of Nursing
• Philippine Nurses Association and Association of Nursing
Service Administrators of the Philippines
• mandated by the article III, Section 9, of republic 9173
• Serves as ethico-legal basis in the practice of the nursing
profession in the Philippines.

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PATIENT’S BILL
• A patient's bill of rights is a document that provides patients with
information on how they can reasonably expect to be treated during the
course of their hospital stay. These documents are, in almost all cases, not
legally-binding. They simply provide goals and expectations for the patient
treatment. The Patient’s Bill of Rights was recently renamed the Patient
Care Partnership.

• List of guarantees for those receiving medical care. It may take the form of
a law or a non-binding declaration.

• Typically a patient's bill of rights guarantees patients information, fair

treatment, and autonomy over medical decisions, among other rights.

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BILL OF RIGHTS
OF THE PATIENT

Right to Appropriate Medical Care and The Right to Choose Health Care Provider
Humane Treatment and Facility

Right to Informed Consent Right to Self-Determination

Right to Privacy and Confidentiality Right to Religious Belief

Right to Information Right to Medical Records

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BILL OF RIGHTS
OF THE PATIENT

Right to Refuse Participation In Medical Right to Express Grievances

Research
Right to be Informed of His Rights and
Right to Leave
Obligations as a Patient

Right to Correspondence and to Receive

Visitors

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PRIVACY ACT
• Medical privacy or health privacy is the practice of maintaining the security and
confidentiality of patient records. Healthcare providers are obligated to protect
confidential information about patients, unless required by law to disclose the
information

Some Law related:

• Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) – a
federal law creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health
information from being disclosed without a patient consent or knowledge
• Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH)
Act – encourage healthcare providers to adopt to electronic health records and
improved privacy and security protection for healthcare data.
• Republic Act 10173 – Data privacy Act of 2012 – protecting individuals
personal health information in the government and private sector

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P R I VA C Y R I G H T S
OF THE PATIENT

Right of access Right to request restrictions of PHI

Right to request amendment of PHI Right to request confidential communications

Right to accounting of disclosures Right to complain of Privacy Rule violations

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INFORMED CONSENT
• Informed consent is defined as the patient's choice to have a treatment or
procedure which is based on their full understanding of the treatment or
procedure, its benefits, its risks, and any alternatives to the particular
treatment or procedure. All clients have the legal right to autonomy and
self-determination to accept or reject all treatments and interventions.

• Consent may be withdrawn at any time. Healthcare providers must accept

and support refusal or withdrawal of consent even if they disagree with the
patient. 

• The consent process can be affected by complexity of the treatment, patient

condition and ability to understand information, and if treatment is
emergent or elective.

03
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A P P R O P R I AT E P E R S O N S
TO PROVIDE INFORMED CONSENT

Adult patient who is mentally competent

Parent or legal guardian of a minor and

unemancipated minor child

The courts have guardianship and the right to give informed

consent for a client who is not able to consent on their own.

With the exception of emergencies, informed consent

must be obtained.

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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
RELATED TO AGE
For some aspects of care, your actions vary greatly with the age of the
patient in:

• Performing physical assessment and interpreting the findings

• Administering medication
• Assessing and addressing nutritional status
• Communicating
• Involving the patient in care and decision-making
• Providing instruction and education
• Selecting medical equipment, and supplies
• Assisting the patient to cope with hospitalization

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• Assessing risk for injury and instituting preventive measure
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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
RELATED TO AGE
Why Age Matters?

Regardless of a patient’s age, nurses must respond to the patient’s

need for:
• Safety
• Privacy
• Confidentiality
• Comfort
• Pain Management
• Choices and control
• Involvement of family and/or significant others

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AN AGE-SPECIFIC
FRAMEWORK

Neonates Child: preschool and school aged

Infants Adolescent

Toddlers Adult: Young and middle-aged

Elder: Older and oldest

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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
RELATED TO CULTURAL
Cultural factors that should be considered for children and their families receiving palliative care include:

• Language barriers • Meaning of death and dying

• Unfamiliarity with the concept of palliative
care/hospice settings • The role of the child in decision making –
• Distrust of health care services/clinicians this can often be based on gender of the
• Personal experiences/past trauma child
• Religious differences • The role of extended family members in
• Belief in alternative medicines decision making
• Fear of the unknown • Meaning of pain and suffering
• Family differences in beliefs and traditions • Intensity of medical interventions to
can affect decision making and medical prolong life or hasten death 
• Location of end of life care

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SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO

EMOTIONAL VARIATIONS
Some of the most commonly occurring psychological and
emotional alterations associated acute and chronic illness,
including a mental illness can include:

• Distress • Grief
• Anger • Depression
• Denial • Fear
• Rationalization • Loss of hope and
• Guilt meaning

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