OSTEOLOGY
RIBS
RIBS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• INTRODUCTION
• True - vertebrosternal
• False – vertebrochondral
• Floating Ribs
• Typical and atypical ribs
• Blood supply and nerve supply
• Clinical Co relates
INTRODUCTION
• Ribs are 12 pairs of elastic arches which articulate
posteriorly with the vertebral column and anteriorly
with sternum
INTRODUCTION
• Bony arches arranged one below other
• Gaps between ribs – intercostal spaces
• Length increases from 1 – 7, then decreases
• True ribs – 1 to 7 – VERTEBROSTERNAL RIBS
• False ribs – 8 to 12
• 8 – 10 ribs attached to next higher cartilage – VERTEBROCHONDRAL RIBS
• Anterior ends of 11 & 12 ribs are free – FLOATING or VERTEBRAL RIBS
CLASSIFICATION
• According to attachment
1. Attached to costal cartilages
2. Floating ribs
• According to shape
1. Typical
2. Atypical
RIB CAGE
TYPICAL RIB
SIDE DETERMINATION
By the ends of bone
By convexity of bone
By presence of costal
groove
SIDE DETERMINATION
• Anterior ends – cocave depression
• Posterior end – head, neck & tubercle
• Costal groove – lower part of inner surface
FEATURES OF TYPICAL RIB
1. Anterior end
2. Posterior end
3. Head
4. Neck
5. Tubercle
6. Shaft
7. Outer surface
8. Inner surface
9. Upper border
10. Lower border
FEATURES OF TYPICAL RIB
• ANTERIOR END – oval & concave
• POSTERIOR END
• Head – 2 facets - lower articulate with numereically corresponding rib, upper
articulates with next higher
• NECK – in front of transverse process of its vertebra
• TUBERCLE – at junction of neck & shaft, artcular part forms costotransverse
joint with transverse process of corresponding vertebra
FEATURES OF TYPICAL RIB
• SHAFT
• OUTER SURFACE – angle marked by oblique line
• INNER SURFACE – smooth, covered by pleura, ridge continuous with lower
border of neck
• COSTAL GROOVE – Neurovascular bundle
• UPPER BORDER – outer & inner lips
ATTACHMENTS OF TYPICAL
RIB
ATTACHMENT AND RELATIONS OF
TYPICAL RIB
On head
Intra articular ligament of costo
vertebral joint
Radiate ligament
Sympathetic chain and costal pleura
anteriorly
On neck
Inferior costo transverse ligament
Superior costo transverse ligament
On Tubercle
Lateral Costo transverse
ligament on non articular part
ATTACHMENT AND RELATIONS
OF TYPICAL RIB
On Upper Border
• External intercostal
• Internal intercostal
FIRST RIB
FIRST RIB
• Broadest
• Most curved
• Flattened from above
and downward
• Shaft is not twisted
SIDE DETERMINATION
• Anterior end larger
• Posterior end small
• Outer border convex
• Sup surface has 2 shallow
grooves, separated by
SCALENE TUBERCLE
FEATURES
• Anterior end larger
• Posterior end small
• Head : Small – 1 facet – articulates
with body of 1st thoracic vertebra
• Neck : Rounded
• Tubercle : Large – articulates with
transverse process of 1st rib - angle
• Superior surface has 2 shallow grooves,
separated by SCALENE TUBERCLE
• Inferior surface has no costal groove
SECOND RIB
SECOND RIB
• Length is twice that of first
rib
• The shaft is sharply curved
• The non articular part of
tubercle is small
• Angle situated close to
tubercle – not well defined
• Large rough Tubercle on
shaft
• Inner surface – costal
groove
• Outer surface
TENTH RIB
• Closely resembles a typical rib , but
o It is shorter
o It has single facet on the head
ELEVENTH
AND
TWELFTH
RIBS
ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH RIB
• They are short
• Pointed ends
• Neck and tubercles are
absent
• Angle and Costal groove
poorly marked in
eleventh rib and absent
in twelfth rib
ATTACHMENTS AND RELATIONS OF
HEAD 12TH RIB
• Capsular and radiate
ligament
INNER SURFACE
• Quadratus lumborum
• Internal intercostal near
the upper border
• Diaphragm takes origin
from the anterior end
CLINICAL CO-RELATES
RIB FRACTURE
Usual site of fracture is just
in front of the angle, which
is the weakest point of the
rib.
the ends of the broken
bone may be driven
inwards, and potentially
may injure thoracic or
upper abdominal viscera
Rickets prominent
costochondral junctions
rickety rosary
41
CERVICAL RIB
Cervical rib
present in .5%
people it may
cause pressure
on lower trunk
of brachial
plexus
`
