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Streamlines and Fluid Flow Dynamics

The document discusses different types of fluid flow descriptions. It defines a streamline as a line tangent to the local flow direction at each point. Streamlines do not cross and show the instantaneous flow pattern. Pathlines and streaklines also differ from streamlines for unsteady flows. Laminar flow occurs in layers without mixing, while turbulent flow has fluctuating velocities and complete mixing. The document contrasts one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional flows.

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rohit singh
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143 views13 pages

Streamlines and Fluid Flow Dynamics

The document discusses different types of fluid flow descriptions. It defines a streamline as a line tangent to the local flow direction at each point. Streamlines do not cross and show the instantaneous flow pattern. Pathlines and streaklines also differ from streamlines for unsteady flows. Laminar flow occurs in layers without mixing, while turbulent flow has fluctuating velocities and complete mixing. The document contrasts one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional flows.

Uploaded by

rohit singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Lecture - 8

Fluid Motion :
Streamlines etc.

WileyPLUS

9/2/21 02:07 AM 1
Fluid Flow Description
Streamline: A streamline is a line through flow field, tangent to which
at any point indicates the flow direction at that point

9/2/21 02:07 AM 2
Fluid Flow Description
•There is no flow across a streamline
•Between streamlines A & B;
amount of flow rate a @1 = amount of flow rate @ 2
•Gap between streamlines @ 2 > Gap between streamlines @ 1
•Velocity @1 > velocity @2
•Therefore, pressure @ 2 > pressure @ 1

All solid boundaries


are streamlines

A
Streamlines give 1 2
B
instantaneous picture
of flow. They change
for unsteady flows
9/2/21 02:07 AM 3
Fluid Flow Description

Streamlines are straight and parallel:


Flow is uniform

Streamlines are straight but not


parallel: Flow is non-uniform

Streamlines are parallel but not


straight: Flow is non-uniform

9/2/21 02:07 AM 4
Pathline: It is the line joining the different positions of an
identified fluid particle at different times

Streakline: It is the line generated by a tracer (dye)


continuously injected into the flow field at the initial point.

"Coal-Fired-Power-Plant_Smoke-Stack-
Emissions__15414" by Public Domain
Photos is licensed under CC BY 2.0

9/2/21 02:07 AM 5
For a given hypothetical flow, the velocity from time t = 0 to t = 5 s was u
= 2 m/s, v = 0. Then from time t = 5 s to t = 10 s, the velocity was u = 3
m/s, v = -4 m/s. A dye streak was started at a point in the flow field at t
= 0, and the path of a particle in the fluid was also traced from that
same point starting at the same time. Draw streak line at t = 10 s and
path line of fluid particle.

@5s @0s 10,0 @ 5 s

Streak line
25, -20
15, -20 @10 s
@10 s
9/2/21 02:07 AM 6
For a given hypothetical flow, the velocity from time t = 0 to t = 5 s was u
= 2 m/s, v = 0. Then from time t = 5 s to t = 10 s, the velocity was u = 3
m/s, v = -4 m/s. A dye streak was started at a point in the flow field at t
= 0, and the path of a particle in the fluid was also traced from that
same point starting at the same time. Draw streakline at t = 10 s and
pathline of fluid particle.

@0s 10,0 @ 5 s

Path line
25, -20
@10 s

9/2/21 02:07 AM 7
For unsteady flow, streamlines, path lines
and streak lines are all different.

For steady flow, streamlines, path lines


and streak lines are same

9/2/21 02:07 AM 8
Laminar Flow
Dye
Valve

Tank & Pipe System

Dye moves in a thin


streak, without mixing
Flow appears to be occurring in laminae or layers with surrounding fluid

9/2/21 02:07 AM 9
Laminar Flow
Valve

Tank & Pipe System

time

V .D
Reynolds Number = Re  < 2000

9/2/21 02:07 AM 10
u  u  u Fluctuating component
Turbulent Flow Instantaneous velocity
Temporal mean velocity

Dye V .D
Re  > 4000
Valve 

Tank & Pipe System


Dye gets completely
mixed with
surrounding fluid

u
u
time
9/2/21 02:07 AM 11
Dimensionality of a Flow Field:
One – Dimensional Flow

Number of dimensions required to


describe the flow field

Quasi 1-D Flow:


Two – Dimensional Flow
Only one component of flow velocity,
and velocity profile is same at all
cross sections

Three – Dimensional Flow


9/2/21 02:07 AM 12
THANK YOU

9/2/21 02:07 AM 13

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