Lesson 1
Introduction to
Functions
PREPARED BY:
MR. ARGIE M. GUTIERREZ
MATH TEACHER
Objective
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to
represents real-life situations using functions, including
piece-wise functions; and
shares examples of real-life situations which can be
represented by functions.
Essential Questions
What is a function and how does it differ from a relation?
How will you represent functions?
Warm Up!
Learn about It!
Relation
1 a set of objects, such as numbers, grouped with one another which may or may
not represent a pattern; simply a set of ordered pairs that are arranged in an
orderly manner
Example:
Billy is associated to his friends: Gabriel, Jasmine, and Luis.
We can define a relation showing Billy’s association or
correspondence.
Learn about It!
TYPES OF
RELATION
Learn about It!
One-to-One Correspondence
a. Each value of the independent variable is unique and is associated with a unique
value of the dependent variable
Example:
Learn about It!
Many-to-One Correspondence
b. Two or more values of is associated with the same value of
Example:
Learn about It!
One-to-Many Correspondence
c. Some values of are associated with more than one value of
Example:
Learn about It!
Many-to-Many Correspondence
d. Some values of and are associated with more than one value of their
counterpart
Example:
Warm Up!
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Warm Up!
What type of relation best describes the following?
a. Students and their ID numbers
b. A family with 5 members living in the same house
c. A class adviser to her students
d. Students and classes
Warm Up!
What type of relation best describes the following?
a. Students and their ID numbers One – to - one
b. A family with 5 members living in the same house
Many – to - one
c. A class adviser to her students One – to - many
d. Students and classes Many – to - many
Learn about It!
Function
2 It is a special kind of relation in which no two distinct ordered pairs have the same
first element.
Examples:
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Domain and Range
3 The value that a function takes in is called the input or the domain while the
corresponding value that it produces is the output or the dependent range.
Warm Up!
Try It!
Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function machine.
What you do you think is the input, the function,
and the output?
Try It!
Example 1: Consider an electric fan as a function machine.
What you do you think is the input, the function,
and the output?
Answer:
Pressing any button on the electric fan (assuming it is
plugged into a power source) will cause the fan blade to spin.
Hence, the buttons are the input, the spinning of the fan
blade is the function, and the wind it gives off is the output.
Try It!
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.
Try It!
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.
Solution:
The -values are the input. The -values are the output.
Notice that if the value of is , the value of is . If is , is , and
so on.
Try It!
Example 2: Consider the table of values below. Determine
the input, the function, and the output.
Solution:
By observing the pattern, note that each input is doubled
after “going through” the function.
Hence, the function is .
Warm Up!
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Warm Up!
For the following given real-life relationships,
identify which are FUNCTIONS.
1.Relation of students to their General Mathematics
teacher.
2.Relation of you to your godparents.
3.The number of workers to the time required to
finished a job.
4.Relation of students to their classmates.
5.Jeepney fare to the distance travelled.
Warm Up!
For the following given real-life relationships,
identify which are FUNCTIONS.
1.Relation of students to their General Mathematics
teacher. FUNCTION
2.Relation of you to your godparents. NOT A FUNCTION
3.The number of workers to the time required to
finished a job. FUNCTION
4.Relation of students to their classmates. NOT A FUNCTION
5.Jeepney fare to the distance travelled. FUNCTION
Warm Up!
ALL FUNCTIONS ARE
RELATIONS, BUT NOT
ALL RELATIONS ARE
FUNCTIONS !!!
Learn about It!
Piecewise Function
4 It is a function composed of two or more expressions for the different parts of the
domain.
Example:
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Example #3:
A game at a theme park offers prize money
based on the number of balls you can
successfully shoot in one minute.
0-7 successful shots: no prize
8-15 successful shots: ₱150
more than 15 successful shots: ₱20
Write a piecewise function that relates the prize
money offered to the number of successful shots
you make.
Learn about It!
Learn about It!
Example # 4:
In a T-shirt store, the manager gives a 5%
discount for a purchase of 1-10 pieces, 10%
discount for 11-20 pieces, and 15% discount
for a purchase of 21 pieces and more. Write
a piecewise function that relates the
discount to the number of T-shirts
purchased.
Learn about It!
1-10 pieces : 5% discount
11-20 pieces : 10% discount
21 pieces above : 15% discount
=
Let’s Practice!
Individual Practice:
1. Consider a water dispenser as a function machine. What is
the input, the function, and the output?
2. Consider the table of values below. Determine the input,
the function, and the output.
Let’s Practice!
Group Practice: To be done by 6 groups.
In a university, Mathematics Raw Grade
Equivalent
grades are being converted in a Grade
0.0 to 4.0 scale, with 4.0 being the
highest and 0.0 being the lowest.
The conversion is given in the
table. Write a function describing
the conversion. Use 𝐸(𝑥) to
represent the equivalent grade as
a function of the raw grade 𝑥.
Key Points
Function
1 It is a special kind of relation in which no two distinct ordered pairs have the same
first element.
Independent and Dependent Variables
2 The value that a function takes in is called the input or the independent variable
while the corresponding value that it produces is the output or the dependent
variable.
Key Points
Piecewise Function
3 It is a function composed of two or more expressions for the different parts of the
domain.
Synthesis
THANKS FOR
LISTENING!!
