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Overview of Criminal Investigation Techniques

Criminal investigation involves collecting and analyzing information to identify, apprehend, and convict suspected offenders. The objectives of criminal investigation are to identify the offender, collect relevant case facts, preserve evidence, draw conclusions, and establish guilt in court. Principles of investigation include objectivity, neutrality, relevance, professionalism, competence, and compliance with law and procedures. Problems with criminal investigation in Pakistan include low budgets, lack of specialists, corruption, outdated methods, lack of infrastructure and technology, and the illegal use of torture. Information is gathered through interviews and interrogations, which have different objectives and approved techniques.

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Mahjabeen Naich
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476 views9 pages

Overview of Criminal Investigation Techniques

Criminal investigation involves collecting and analyzing information to identify, apprehend, and convict suspected offenders. The objectives of criminal investigation are to identify the offender, collect relevant case facts, preserve evidence, draw conclusions, and establish guilt in court. Principles of investigation include objectivity, neutrality, relevance, professionalism, competence, and compliance with law and procedures. Problems with criminal investigation in Pakistan include low budgets, lack of specialists, corruption, outdated methods, lack of infrastructure and technology, and the illegal use of torture. Information is gathered through interviews and interrogations, which have different objectives and approved techniques.

Uploaded by

Mahjabeen Naich
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CRIMINAL

INVESTIGATION
Ms. Natasha Shafi (IRS)
Criminal Investigation
◦ GENERAL DEFINITION
“It is process of collection and analysis of information and evidence to identify and prove the
guilt of an offender.”
◦ DEFINITION BY SCHOLARS
"A lawful search for people and things to reconstruct the circumstances of an illegal act,
apprehend or determine the guilty party, and aid in the states prosecution of the offender“
OR
“The collection of information and evidence for identifying, apprehending, and convicting
suspected offenders”
Criminal Investigation
Objectives of Criminal Investigation:
1. To identify the offender.
2. Collection of Facts incidental to the Case
3. To sift the wheat from the chaff: This is to sort the valuable things and
discard the irrelevant ones.
4. To Preserve the Evidence.
5. To Draw Conclusions.
6. To establish the Guilt in Court of Law.
Criminal Investigation
Principles of Criminal Investigation:
1. Objectivity: A condition of being free from bias which implies that the investigation process should
not be influences by personal interests or inclinations of the investigator.
2. Neutrality: The investigator should be neutral by avoiding leanings towards any of the parties to the
case.
3. Relevance: Remain focused on the relevant facts only.
4. Professionalism: Reasonable degree of professionalism should be observed by the investigating
officers.
5. Competence: The investigating Officer should be well equipped the requisite skills and techniques of
investigation.
6. Compliance with Law and Procedures:
7. Timeliness: Non following of timeliness may render the case entirely rrelvant.
Criminal Investigation
◦ HISTORY OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION IN PAKISTAN
1. Fingerprints
Subcontinent – 1858 – Bengal
Now, important
2. Dog Branch
First in NWFP (Now KP)
Two officials – South Africa - Training
3. Forensic Science Lab
First – Lahore – 1930
4. Foot Tracking
People of sub-continent are deemed as being experts in foot tracking (Khoji).
Criminal Investigation
◦ Problems of Criminal Investigation in Pakistan:
1. Overall Problems of Police Organization
2. Disappointingly Low Budget
3. Non availability of specialists and shortage of Staff
4. Lack of Independence/ Corruption
5. Lack of Competence
6. Reliance on old methods of Investigation
7. Lack of Infrastructure
8. Lack of technology and equipment
9. Shortage of Laboratories
10. Use of Torture
Criminal Investigation

◦ Use Of Torture
Employing torture is prohibited by the Constitution and Law. The Article 14(2) of the
Constitution provides that:
“No person shall be subjected to torture for the purpose of extracting evidence”.
Likewise, section 156 of Police Order 2002 makes the torture an offence punishable
with 5 years rigorous imprisonment.
Criminal Investigation
GATHERING INFORMATION FROM PERSONS
Interview:
Interview is method of collection of facts which is non-
accusatory and directed to any person who possess
information related to a case. Any person who possess
knowledge about offence in any manner can be
interviewed.
Interrogation:
Interrogation on the other hand is directed at the Suspect
with the objective of establishing his guilt.
Criminal Investigation
TECHNIQUES OF INTERROGATION
 Good cop bad cop:
This is a psychologically manipulative technique
 Reid technique:
Components of Reid Technique:
1. Factual Analysis
2. Interview
3. Interrogation
 Peace technique:
PEACE is Acronym of the following terms.
1. P: Preparation and Planning
2. E: Engage and Explain
3. A: Account, Clarify and Challenge
4. C: Closure
5. E: Evaluation

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