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Downstream Processing Techniques Overview

The document discusses various downstream processing techniques used after fermentation or bioconversion to separate, purify, and package products. These include filtration to remove insolubles, centrifugation to separate based on density, precipitation to reduce volume and concentrate products, crystallization to further purify through formation of crystals, and lyophilization which freezes then sublimes water for drying. The goal is to capture the purified product in a stable, transportable form.

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466 views16 pages

Downstream Processing Techniques Overview

The document discusses various downstream processing techniques used after fermentation or bioconversion to separate, purify, and package products. These include filtration to remove insolubles, centrifugation to separate based on density, precipitation to reduce volume and concentrate products, crystallization to further purify through formation of crystals, and lyophilization which freezes then sublimes water for drying. The goal is to capture the purified product in a stable, transportable form.

Uploaded by

zekariyas kune
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

• The various stages of processing that occur after the

completion of the fermentation or bioconversion stage,


including separation, purification, and packaging of the
product
• Removal of insoluble's
• Product Isolation
• Product Purification
• Product Polishing
• capture of the product as a solute in a particulate-free
liquid
• Example
separation of cells, cell debris or other particulate
matter from fermentation broth containing an
antibiotic.
Filtration
• A mechanical operation used for the separation of
solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a
medium to fluid flow through which the fluid can pass,
but the solids in the fluid are retained.
• two main types of filter media are
• solid sieve which
-traps the solid particles
• bed of granular materials
-retains the solid particles
Points to be considered while selecting the filter media:

• ability to build the solid.


• minimum resistance to flow the filtrate.
• resistance to chemical attack.
• minimum cost.
• long life
• use of the centrifugal force for the
separation of mixtures
• More-dense components migrate
away from the axis of the
centrifuge
• less-dense components migrate
towards the axis.
• process where a solute comes out of solution in the form of
flocs or flakes.
• Particles finer than 0.1 µm in water remain continuously in
motion due to electrostatic charge which causes them to
repel each other
• Once their electrostatic charge is neutralized (use of
coagulant) the finer particles start to collide and combine
together .
• These larger and heavier particles are called flocs.
• reducing the volume of material to be handled and
concentrating the product.

• the unit operations involved


-Solvent extraction
-ultra filtration
-precipitation
• formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical
reaction.
• solid formed is called the precipitate and the liquid
remaining above the solid is called the supernate.
• To separate contaminants that resemble the product
very closely in physical and chemical properties.

• Expensive and require sensitive and sophisticated


equipment.
• process of formation of solid crystals precipitating
from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly
from a gas.

• chemical solid-liquid separation technique, in which


mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a
pure solid crystalline phase occurs.
• final processing steps which end with packaging of the
product in a form that is stable, easily transportable and
convenient.
• Crystallization, desiccation, lyophilization and spray
drying are typical unit operations
• freezing the material
• reducing the surrounding pressure and adding enough
heat to allow the frozen water in the material to
sublime directly from the solid phase to gas.

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