Presentation on Road
MATERIAL &
Construction
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:- Vishal Singh
7CE20
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• ROAD
• EATRHWORK
• PAVEMENTS
• ROAD TYPES
• EQUIPMENTS
• PRACTICAL REPORT
• CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
• Development of a country depends on the connectivity of various places
with adequate road network.
• Roads constitute the most important made of communication in areas
where railways have not developed much.
• India has one of the largest roads networks in the world (over 3 million
km at present).
• For the purpose of management and administration, roads in India are
divided into the following five categories:
• 1. National Highways (NH)
• 2. State Highways (SH)
• 3. Major District Roads (MDR)
• 4. Other District Roads (ODR)
• 5. Village Roads (VR)
• “…it is not wealth that built the roads but, roads that built our wealth”
-John F. Kennedy
• Indian road network-current status :-
• National Highways 58,112
• State Highways 1,37,119
• Major Districts Roads 4,70,000
• Village and other roads 26,50,000
• Total Road Length 33,15,231 km
• NHs are less than 2% of network but carry 40% of total traffic.
ROADS
• Roads are defined as routes or paths that begin at one destination and lead
to another.
• Road is an open, generally public way for the passage of vehicles, people,
and animals.
EARTH WORK
• The sub-grade soil is prepared by bringing it to desire grade:-
• Soil filling
• Spreading and Levelling
• Compaction
PAVEMENTS
• Pavement is finished with a hard smooth surface. It helped make them
durable and able to withstand traffic and the environment.
• They have a life span of between 20- 30 years.
Types of pavements:-
1. Flexible Pavement
2. Rigid Pavement
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
• Flexible pavements are those
which are surfaced with
bituminous or asphalt materials.
It’s flexible since the total
pavement structure bends or
deflects due to the traffic loads.
Generally this type of pavement
requires some sort of maintenance
or restoration every 10 to 15 years.
RIGID PAVEMENT
• A rigid pavement structure is
composed of a hydraulic cement
concrete surface course and
concealed base and sub base
courses. The surface course is the
rigid layer and provides the
majority of strength. While, in case
of rigid pavements most of the
load carries by slab itself and slight
load goes to the underlying strata.
Road types
1. Earth road and gavel road
2. Water bound macadam (WBM)
3. Bituminous or blacktop road
4. Cement concrete road
ROADWAY CONSTRUCTION
• Carriageway
• Pavement
• Kerb
• Shoulder
• Sidewalks / Footpath
Equipments
• Compacting material (vibratory roller)
• Dozer and scraper
• Power shovels
• Concrete mixer
• Watering devices
• Mild steel sections and blocks
• Barricading
• Signage board
PRACTICAL REPORT
• As per PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT, LUCKNOW 2019, In the
research of material of road construction.
• It was the type of research on material of flexible road construction which
specifies the material EMULSION over the BITUMIN.
EMULSION???
• A fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is
not soluble or miscible.
• Emulsion is a binding material used for the construction of different types
of highways depending on the requirements of highways.
• It is a mixture of asphalt cement, water, and different emulsifying agent.
In the mixture of emulsion, water and cement exists in two different
separate phases
BITUMIN EMULSION
• The most common way in which bitumen is applied to mineral aggregate
substrates in road making processes is in the form of a so-called 'bitumen
emulsion‘. Hi-TECH RS-1 EMULSION.
• Bitumen emulsions are a dispersion of bitumen in an aqueous
continuous phase, stabilised by the addition of an emulsifier.
• When the bitumen emulsion is applied on the aggregate for the road
works the water evaporates leaving behind the bitumen droplets.
EMULSION OVER BITUMIN
• Bitumen emulsion is a liquid product in which bitumen is suspended in a
finely divided condition in an aqueous medium and stabilised by suitable
material.
• Normally cationic type emulsions are used in India. The bitumen content
in the emulsion is around 60% and the remaining is water.
• Addition of emulsifier with water facilitates breaking of bitumen into
minute particles and keeps it dispersed in suspension.
Advantages of Emulsion over Bitumen
• Emulsions with lower viscosity or thinner consistency improve
spreadability and allows better coating of the bitumen on the surface of
aggregate.
• There is no wastage during laying and storage. Since emulsions are water
based, there is less effect on the environment.
• Due to the fluidity of bitumen emulsion, it penetrates well into the
surface. But due to the viscosity of cutback bitumen is more
than bitumen emulsion, one has to add kerosene or gasoline to reduce
viscosity.
RESULT
• As this is the first research conducted by the PUBLIC WORK
DEPARTMENT , LUCKNOW, in India and I was the part of this research.
• The result of this research will be approved by January 2020 as this is
getting verified by others department too.
• The Main result of this research in road construction is that the
construction cost of road is reduced by40% as the emulsion is ease to
work and cheaper.
• It does not the affect the strength of road as compared to bitumen road.
CONCLUSION
• If the result are applied in preparation of road material, the construction of
road will get reduced to 40%.
• As the construction cost reduced it will lead to various changes;-
The road tax will get reduced
Less Manpower will get required
Construction time will get reduced
Climate change will not affect the process of construction.
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