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Magmatism: A Process Under The Earth's Crust Where Formation and Movement of Magma Occur

Magmatism is the process where formation and movement of magma occurs under the Earth's crust. Magma is semi-liquid hot molten rock located in the mantle and oceanic plates. It forms through partial melting of solid rocks due to increases in temperature, decreases in pressure, or addition of volatile elements. The top two most abundant elements in magma are silicon and oxygen. Magmatism occurs in the lower crust and upper mantle through processes like decompression melting at mid-ocean ridges or flux melting at subduction zones.

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Jisho 恐怖 Lomotos
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2K views11 pages

Magmatism: A Process Under The Earth's Crust Where Formation and Movement of Magma Occur

Magmatism is the process where formation and movement of magma occurs under the Earth's crust. Magma is semi-liquid hot molten rock located in the mantle and oceanic plates. It forms through partial melting of solid rocks due to increases in temperature, decreases in pressure, or addition of volatile elements. The top two most abundant elements in magma are silicon and oxygen. Magmatism occurs in the lower crust and upper mantle through processes like decompression melting at mid-ocean ridges or flux melting at subduction zones.

Uploaded by

Jisho 恐怖 Lomotos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Magmatism: Introduces the concept of magmatism and its essential processes beneath the earth's crust.
  • Understanding Magma: Explains what magma is, differentiating between magma and lava, and their respective locations.
  • Elemental Composition of Magma: Analyzes the element types and proportions present in magma using visual aids.
  • Occurrence of Magmatism: Details the locations within the earth where magmatism occurs, focusing on crustal and mantle areas.
  • Perspective on Magma Formation: Explains how magma is generated in the earth's crust through different processes and stages.
  • Partial Melting Process: Illustrates the process of partial melting, emphasizing the role of different minerals.
  • Requirements for Magma Melting: Discusses the essential conditions and geographical locations required for magma melting.
  • Impact of Temperature: Explores how temperature increases lead to melting of rocks at convergent boundaries.
  • Effect of Pressure: Describes how reduction in pressure affects the melting of mantle rocks at mid-ocean ridges.
  • Role of Volatiles: Examines how volatiles contribute to melting at subduction zones, promoting partial melting.
  • Conceptual Connections: Presents a concept map showing the interrelation of magmatism components and processes.

Magmatism

A process under the earth’s crust where formation and


movement of magma occur.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed unde


What is magma?
• Semi-liquid hot molten rocks located beneath the Earth
specifically in the melted mantle rock and oceanic plate

Magma & lava are both molten


rocks,
they just differ in location:
Lava is found on the surface of the
Earth
Magma is found in the magma
chamber of volcanoes This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed und
Elemental
composition of
magma

• Which of the following elements


has the largest share in Magma’s
composition?
• Which of the following elements
has the lowest share in Magma’s
composition?
• Which elements are the top two
most abundant in magma?
Where does magmatism occur?
• Magmatism occurs in the lower part of
the Earth’s crust and in the upper
portion of the mantle known as the
asthenosphere
Click icon to add picture

Another
perspective
The magma present in the
lower crust and upper
mantle of the Earth is
formed or generated
through the process of
partial melting
The process of Partial Melting
What the melting of magma requires
Where it occurs:
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Melting due to:
Decompression Melting
Decre
ase of
Increa pressu Additi
se of re on of
Tempe volatil
Where it occurs: rature Melting es Where it occurs:
Convergent Boundaries of rocks Subduction Zone
Melting due to: to Melting due to:
Heat transfer magma Flux Melting
Increase in
Temperature Conduction occurs

• As magma rises, it is often hot


Convection occurs
enough to melt the rocks it touches.
These happen at convergent
boundaries, where tectonic plates are
crashing together
• Rocks start to melt once the
Convergent boundary
temperature in the lower crust &
upper mantle exceeds the melting point of
The temperature of the mantle is 1200 Celsius
minerals which rocks are composed of. Rock minerals like quartz or feldspar begin
to partially melt at around 650 – 800 Celsius
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under C
Decrease of Pressure
• Mantle rocks remain solid
when exposed to high pressure.
However these rocks tend ot
go upward (shallower level)
and the pressure is reduced.
This triggers the melting of
magma known as decompression
melting.
• This process occurs at the mid-
ocean ridge, an underground
mountain system Mid-ocean ridge
Addition of • When water and carbon dioxide is added to hot rocks, flux melting occurs.
• The melting points of minerals within the tocks is already close to its

Volatiles melting point, the effect of adding these volatiles can be enough to trigger
partial melting. It occurs around subduction zones.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC


Look at this concept map and see how they are
connected
Increas
Heat transfer Temperature
es, & is
known
Decompression Decreas
as Pressure Partial Melting
melting es, & is
known
Are Happens when
Happen

Flux melting as Volatiles


added solid rocks melt
s in

Convergent
& through
Magmatismthe Happens Aesthenosphere
in
boundaries known Is process ofof
a process
as (part of
Silicon Is mostly formation & When
Mid-ocean ridges the
compose movement
Magma of
extrudes
Lava
Earth)
Oxygen d of to the Erupts
Solidified and
Subduction Zones elements Earth’s from a
become
Rocks Volcano
crust is

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