ALCOL BEÙO
1
1. Goïi teân
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH CH3
OH CH3 OH OH
3-methyl-4-heptanol 2,3-butandiol
CH2 OH 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 CH CH CH CH3
CH3 C OH
OH
CH2 OH
3-penten-2-ol
2-methyl-1,2,3-propantriol
2-methylglycerin
1 2 3
HOH2C CH CH3
HOH2C C C CH2OH OH
2-butyn-1,4-diol 1,2-propandiol
2
2. Vieát coâng thöùc:
2,2-dimethyl-1,3-butandiol trimethylcarbinol Alcol tert-amylic
CH3 CH3 CH3
4 3 2 1
H3C CH C CH2OH H3C C OH CH3 CH2 C OH
OH CH3 CH3 CH3
Isopropyl tert-butylcarbinol 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol
CH3 CH3
1 2 3 4
CH3 CH CH C CH3 H3C C C CH
CH3 OH CH3 OH
4,4-dimethyl-1-penten-3-ol methylisobutylcarbinol Alcol allylic
1
CH35
2 3 H3C CH CH2 CH CH3 CH2 CH CH2OH
4
H2C CH CH C CH3 OH CH3
OH CH3
3
7. Töø CH3CH2CH2OH ñieàu cheá CH3CH2-O-CH(CH3)2
CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CHO
H2SO4
[H]
18OoC
CH3 CH CH2 CH3CH2OH
HCl Na
CH3 CH CH3 CH3CH2ONa
Cl
CH3CH2 O CH(CH3)2
4
8. Ñieàu cheá caùc dung
moâi
a.
CH3 CH2 ONa ClCH2CH2OH CH3 CH2 OCH2 CH2 OH Na CH3 CH2 OCH2 CH2 ONa
ClCH2CH2OH
CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 OH
b.
C6 H5 ONa ClCH2CH2OH C6 H5 OCH2 CH2 OH Na C 6 H5 OCH2 CH2 ONa
ClCH2CH2OH
C 6 H5 O CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 OH
c.
CH2 CH2 O HO CH2 CH2 O CH2 CH2 OH
OH OH
5
9. Ñieàu cheá 2-pentanol töø 1-pentanol
H2SO4
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH H2C CHCH2CH2CH3
180 C
O
HCl
CH3CHCH2CH2CH3
Cl
NaOH
CH3CHCH2CH2CH3
OH
6
10. Töø 1,2-dibromobutan ñieàu cheá 2-butanol
Zn
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH2 CH CH2
ZnBr2
Br Br HCl
CH3 CH2 CH CH3
Cl
NaOH
CH3 CH2 CH CH3
OH
7
11. Ñieàu cheá ethyl acetat töø caùc chaát voâ
cô
H2O H2O
CaC2 HC CH CH3CHO
Ca(OH)2 2+
Hg /H +
KMnO4 [O] [H] H2/Ni
CH3COOH CH3CH2OH
H2SO4
CH3COOC2H5
8
12. Töø ethanol ñieàu cheá methyldiethylcarbinol
PCl5 Mg/Et2O
CH3 CH2 OH C2H5Cl C2H5MgBr
CuO
1) C2H5MgCl [O]
CH3CHO +
CH3CHCH2CH3 CH3CCH2CH3
2) H2O/H
OH O
1) C2H5MgCl
C2H5 2) H2O/H+
CH3 C C2H5
OH
9
13. Vieát sô ñoà chuyeån hoùa chæ duøng taùc nhaân voâ cô
a. Töø propylen thaønh dimethylisopropylcarbinol
CH3 CH CH2
HCl
Mg/Et2O
CH3 CH CH3 CH3 CH CH3
Cl MgCl H3C CH3
H2O/H+
CH3 C CH CH3
NaOH
OH
CH3 CH CH3 CuO
CH3 C CH3
OH O
10
13.
b. Töø butylen thaønh 3,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol
CH3 CH2 CH CH2
HCl
Mg/Et2O
CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH2 CH CH3
Cl MgCl
NaOH H2O/H+
[O]
CH3 CH2 CH CH3 CH3 CH2 C CH3
OH O
H3C CH3
CH3 CH2 C CH CH2 CH3
OH
11
14. Töø propylen vaø ethylen ñieàu cheá
methylisopropylcarbinol
H2C CH2 CH3 CH CH2
H2O/H+ HCl
CH3CH2OH CH3 CHClCH3
CuO Mg/Et2O
CH3CH=O CH3 CH CH3
MgCl
H2O/H+
CH3
CH3 CH CH CH3
OH
12
14. Töø propylen vaø ethylen ñieàu cheá dimethylethylcarbinol
H2C CH2 CH3 CH CH2
HCl H2O/H+
CH3CH2Cl CH3 CHOH CH3
Mg/Et2O [O]
CH3CH2MgCl CH3 C CH3
O
H2O/H+
CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3
OH
13
15. Duøng chaát ban ñaàu laø acetylen ñieàu
cheá
a. butanol
1) Na H2/Ni Cl2/as
HC CH HC C C2 H5 CH3CH 2CH2CH3
2) C2H5Br
NaOHdd
CH3CH2H2CH 2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
Hoaëc:
1) Na H2/Pd-BaSO4
HC CH CH C C2H5 CH2 CH C2H5
2) C2H5Br
HBr
peroxyd
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
NaOH
14
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
b. propanol
1) Na H2/Ni Cl2/as
HC CH HC C CH3 CH3CH2CH 3 CH 3CH2CH 2Cl
2) CH3I
NaOH dd
CH3CH2H2OH
Hoaëc:
1) Na H2/Pd-BaSO4
HC CH CH C CH3 CH2 CH CH3
2) CH3I
HBr
peroxyd
CH3CH2CH2Br
NaOH
CH3CH2CH2OH
15
16. Hôïp chaát carbonyl naøo khi taùc duïng LiAlH4 cho caùc
alcolsau:
LiAlH4
C6H5CHO C6H5CH2OH
benzaldehyd Alcol benzylic
LiAlH4
C6H5 C CH3 C6H5 CH CH3
O OH
acetophenon methylphenylcarbinol
LiAlH4
O OH
cyclohexanon cyclohexanol
16
7. Vieát phaûn öùng cuûa butanol vôùi
HBr
CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O
SOCl2
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + SO2 + HCl
PCl5
CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + POCl3 + HCl
CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2OH
Na
CH3CH2CH2CH2ONa + 1/2H2
H2SO4
CH3CH2CH CH2 + H2O
170OC
H2SO4
C4H9 O C4H9 + H2O
140OC
Al2O3
C4H9 O C4H9 + H2O
300OC
17
18. Hoaøn thaønh chuoãi phaûn öùng vaø goïi teân saûn
phaåm
3-methyl-1-buten 2-iodo-3-methylbutan
KOH/alcol HI
CH3 CH CH2 CH2 I CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH3 A CH3 I B
KOH/alcol
HO OH
[O]
D CH3 C CH CH3 CH3 C CH CH3
KMnO4(l)
CH3 CH3 C
2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutan 2-methyl-2-buten
2-methyl-2,3-butandiol
18
19. Töø chaát voâ cô ñieàu cheá
a. 2-butanol
H2O H2O [H] PCl5
CaC2 HC CH CH3CHO C2H5OH C2H5Cl
2+ +
Hg /H
Mg/Et2O
H2O/H+ CH3CHO
CH3 CH C2H5 CH3 CH C2H5 C2H5MgCl
OH OMgCl
b. triethylcarbinol
H2 1) O3 1) C2H5MgCl
HC CH H2C CH2 HCHO C2H5CH2OH
Pd-BaSO4 2) H2O/H+/Zn 2) H2O/H+
CuO
1) C2H5MgCl [O] 1) C2H5MgCl
+
C2H5 C C2H5 C2H5 CH C2H5 +
C2H5CHO
2) H2O/H 2) H2O/H
O OH
C2H5
C2H5 C C2H5 19
OH
20. Vieát phaûn öùng ñieàu cheá trinitroglycerin, neâu öùng
duïng
H2C OH H2C O NO2
3HNO3/H+
HC OH HC O NO2 + 3H2O
H2C OH H2C O NO2
trinitroglycerin
Giaõn maïch, trò ñau thaét
ngöïc
20
21. Cô cheá phaûn öùng khöû nöôùc testosterol trong moâi tröôøng
acid
H3 COH H CH3
H3 C H H3O+ H3 C H
H H
O O
+
OH H OH
H3 C H3 C 2 H H3 C H
+
H+ H2O
CH3 H
CH3
+
H+
21
