Bringing the world to the classroom and the classroom to life

N G L . C E N G A G E . C O M / E LT
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PART O or F
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C EtoNaG
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FEATURES
22 Music today
How we listen to music today

24 Learning to dance
Why do we dance?

26 Living statues
Entertainment on the street

30 Taiko master
A video about a Japanese art form

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Unit 2-p. 21
Go sightseeing in many cities today and among the famous buildings, street
markets and other attractions, sooner or later you’ll see a special kind of display
– living statues. These street performers, who are usually dressed as famous
characters from history or from popular culture, have become a common sight
in tourist areas of Paris, London, Barcelona and other cities. The performance
involves standing completely still for long periods of time. The performers are
like statues, but they are human.

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2c-p. 27
This kind of performance has a long history and it has existed in various forms
since the sixteenth century. The French used the term tableaux vivants, which
means ‘living pictures’. A group of actors stood in positions to illustrate a
scene, but they didn’t speak or move during the display.
The subject of the displays was often religious or from mythology. In some
places, they were part of royal occasions. In the Catalan region of Spain,
tableaux vivants has been a popular tradition since the early eighteenth
century. The performances are called Els Pastorets (shepherds). They take
place at Christmas and show the nativity scene. Nowadays, Catalonia is also
famous for its modern living statues. In fact, there are so many of them on the
streets of Barcelona that the city council has decided to control the number
and give out only thirty licences for fifteen locations. Local resident Joan
Castells explained, ‘You can’t move past the crowds on the pavement, and
most of them are not really entertaining people, they’re just begging.’ Now,
each licensed artist can perform either in the morning or in the afternoon.

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2c-p. 27
So why do so many people want to be living statues? Joan Castells says, ‘It’s an
easy way of earning money. All you need is some makeup and a costume.’ But
according to one of the living statues in London’s Covent Garden, ‘Preparation
takes ages – and so does getting clean at the end of the day. It’s also extremely
difficult to stay completely still for long periods. I can’t even move my eyes or
show that I’m breathing.’ And although it’s ‘understood’ that if you take a
photo or a selfie, you leave some money, not everyone is so kind and
generous. ‘Nobody gets rich doing this,’ said the living statue I spoke to in
London.
Perhaps they don’t get rich, but every performer has some tricks to encourage
people to give them money. Every time a tourist throws them a coin, they
react with a quick, small movement. Perhaps they wave, or turn their head or
reach to touch the person. The statue comes to life for just a moment,
entertaining the crowd and rewarding the payment. And maybe giving the
tired and aching performer a chance to move into a new, more comfortable
position.

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2c-p. 27
3 Read the newspaper article. Underline the parts of the article that tell you:

1 what a living statue is

2 where you can see living statues
3 what similar art forms in history there have been
4 what it feels like to be a living statue

1 street performers, who are usually dressed as famous

characters from history or from popular culture
2 in tourist areas of Paris, London, Barcelona and other cities
3 tableaux vivants, Els Pastorets
4 It’s also extremely difficult to stay completely still for long
periods. I can’t even move my eyes or show that I’m breathing.

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2c-p. 26
4 Work in pairs. Read the article again and discuss these questions.

1 Who is the main audience for this kind of performance?

2 What are the main differences between living statues and tableaux
vivants?
3 What makes a living statue successful?

1 Students’ own answers. (The suggestion is that this mostly

happens in ‘tourist areas’ and that though local people may
also watch, they’re not the ‘main audience’.)
2 Living statues dress as famous characters, but tableaux vivants
showed religious scenes. Living statues work alone, but tableaux
vivants were groups for special occasions (royal occasions,
Christmas).
3 entertaining the crowd and so earning money

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2c-p. 26
5 Find these words in the article. Look at how the words are used and try to
guess their meaning. Then replace the words in bold in the sentences (1–6)
with these words.

1 An actor usually wears a set of special clothes on stage. costume

2 Don’t walk in the road – get on the path. pavement
3 Sadly, we see a lot of people who are asking people for money in the
street nowadays. begging
4 The audience was shouting at him, but he didn’t say or do anything in
response! react
illustrate
5 The pictures in the book show what the story is about really well.
6 We spoke to a person who lives in this area about the traffic problems.
resident

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2c-p. 26
6 Work in pairs. Cover the article and tell your partner what you can
remember about the answers in Exercise 3.

7 Would you like to be a street entertainer? Why? / Why not? What kind
would you be? Tell the class.

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2c-p. 26
Word focus kind
8 Read the two examples from the article. Say if kind is an adjective or a noun.
1 … you’ll see a special kind of display … noun
2 … not everyone is so kind and generous … adjective

9 Complete the sentences with these expressions.

How kind
1 Flowers! _____________________!
a kind of
2 Grunge is _____________________ rock music that started in the 1980s
in the USA.
that kind of thing
3 I love going to exhibitions and _____________________.
really kind of
4 It’s _____________________ you to lend me the money.
5 My aunt always gives me the perfect present. She’s such a
kind and thoughtful person.
_____________________
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2c-p. 26
Critical thinking balance
10 Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

1 What kind of reader is the article for?

2 Does the article change your opinion of living statues? How?
3 Is there anything you want to know about living statues that the article
doesn’t tell you?

1 somebody who is interested in travel; someone going on holiday

2 Students’ own answers
3 Students’ own answers

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2c-p. 26
11 According to the article, this type of street performance is not popular with
everyone. Discuss the questions.

1 Who feels negative about living statues? What three points does he
make?
2 What does the performer from London say about one of these points?
3 Do you think the author gives equal importance to both views?

1 Joan Castells:
a You can’t move past the crowds on the pavement
b not really entertaining people, they’re just begging
c It’s an easy way of earning money
2 Preparation and getting clean take ages, it’s difficult to stay
completely still and you don’t get rich (so it’s not ‘an easy way of
earning money’)
3 The author gives equal importance to both views.

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2c-p. 26
Speaking
12 Work in pairs. Prepare six questions for a survey on prices and art events
in
your country or the country where you are now. Use these ideas. Then ask
and answer your questions in groups.

Do you ever give money to street entertainers? How much is about right?

13 Share the results of your survey with the class. What was the majority
opinion about paying for art?

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2c-p. 26
 2e A portrait of an artist
Writing a review
1 Who is your favourite performer or artist? Tell your partner about this
person and why you like him/her.

2 Read the review of Baz Luhrmann’s work. What kind of information about
Luhrmann is included? Choose the correct options (a–d).

a his influences
b his plans for the future
c his private life
d his work

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2e-p. 29
Baz Luhrmann is a film director whose films include Strictly Ballroom,
Romeo + Juliet, Moulin Rouge! and Australia.
I have seen every one of his films and in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets
better and better. He says that ‘putting on a show’ has always come naturally to
him and that Bollywood is his biggest influence. Although he is best-known as a
film director, Luhrmann has also directed opera. Consequently, his films are
usually exciting, energetic and spectacular. They have had box office success
despite being unusual: in Romeo + Juliet the actors speak in verse, in Moulin
Rouge! they sing their lines. On the other hand, the epic Australia wasn’t so
popular with the critics. Nevertheless, as an ordinary film fan, I thought it was
absolutely fantastic. Luhrmann says the high point of his career has been
‘achieving so many of the dreams I had as a kid – from going to the Oscars to
getting a letter from Marlon Brando’. To me, his films have the power of
dreams. They take you into thrilling, unforgettable worlds.

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2e-p. 29
3 Read the review again. Underline the information which is factual and circle
the opinions. Then find two direct quotes from Luhrmann.

Students should circle the opinions below (the rest of the text –
apart from Luhrmann’s quotes – should be underlined as factual):
in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets better and better.
his films are usually exciting, energetic and spectacular
as an ordinary film fan, I thought it was absolutely fantastic
To me, his films have the power of dreams. They take you into
thrilling, unforgettable worlds.

Direct quotes from Luhrmann:

‘putting on a show’
‘achieving so many of the dreams I had as a kid – from going to
the Oscars to getting a letter from Marlon Brando’.

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2e-p. 29
4 Which sentence (a–d) best describes the review? Explain your choice(s).

a It summarizes several different opinions.

b It only talks about negative things.
c It only talks about positive things.
d It’s a personal point of view.

Although there is some factual information, this is mostly the

personal opinions of the writer (I have seen every one of his films
and in my opinion, Luhrmann’s work just gets better and better; as
an ordinary film fan, I thought it was absolutely fantastic; To me,
his films have the power of dreams.)

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2e-p. 29
5 Writing skill linking ideas (1)
a Look at the table. Which group of words can replace each highlighted word
in the review? Write the words from the review in the table.

despite
although
on the other hand
nevertheless consequently

b Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1 Although / Despite his name is Mark, everyone calls him Baz.
2 Although / Despite working mainly in Australia, he has had international
success with his films.

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2e-p. 29
c Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Make any changes to
verbs and punctuation as necessary.
1 They have had box office success despite being unusual films. (even
though) 1 They have had box office success even though they are
unusual films.
2 I enjoyed Romeo + Juliet in spite of not understanding all the dialogue.
(but) 2 I enjoyed Romeo + Juliet but I didn’t understand all the
dialogue.
3 While I love epic films, I didn’t enjoy this one. (Nevertheless)
4 Although they praised Luhrmann’s earlier films, the critics did not like
Australia. (In spite of)
5 I’ve seen all of the films, but I haven’t seen any of the operas. (However)
6 His last film was absolutely brilliant. Because of this, I’m looking forward
to seeing the next one. (so)
3 I love epic films. Nevertheless, I didn’t enjoy this one.
4 In spite of praising Luhrmann’s earlier films, the critics did not like
Australia.
5 I’ve seen all of the films. However, I haven’t seen any of the operas.
6 His last film was absolutely brilliant, so I’m looking forward to
seeing the next one.
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2e-p. 29
6 Write a review of an artist whose work you know and enjoy. First, look at the
headings and make notes. You may need to do some research first. Then
write about 150 words. Use a variety of adjectives and linkers.

7 Use these questions to check your review.

• Have you used linkers correctly?
• Have you expressed clearly why you like this artist’s work?

8 Read some reviews your classmates have written. Use these questions to
check your classmates’ reviews.
• What do you learn about the subject from reading the review?
• Do you agree with the opinions expressed in the review?

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2e-p. 29
 2f Taiko master
Before you watch
1 Look at the photo and the caption.
Discuss the questions.
1 What is the man doing?
2 How do you think he feels?
3 What do you think the caption means?
EXAMPLE ANSWERS
1 He is hitting a large drum with sticks.
2 Perhaps he feels strong and confident,
free and powerful.
3 It means that when playing the drum
you use both your body and mind to
produce sound: you need to be athletic
and rhythmical (body) and concentrate Taiko is an art form that brings
on what to do and play (mind), and in together sound, body and mind.
this way, a good sound is produced.
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2f-p. 31
2 Key vocabulary

a Read the sentences. Try to guess the missing words.

1 After the meeting, my __________ was full of ideas.
2 Text messages introduced a new __________ of writing.
3 When you’re driving, __________ can be very dangerous.
4 I like music that has a fast __________.
5 Phil Collins was a popular __________ and singer in the 1980s and
1990s.
6 I’m not feeling well today. I don’t have the __________ to go to class.
b Read the words in bold and their definitions. The words are used in the
video. Complete the sentences in Exercise 2a with the words.
a beat (n) a regular sound mind
b drummer (n) a musician who plays the drums style
c energy (n) power and force tiredness
d mind (n) your thoughts, feelings, memories, etc. beat
e style (n) a way of doing something drummer
f tiredness (n) the feeling of being tired energy
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2f-p. 31
While you watch
3 Watch the first part of the video (0.00–0.54). Are the sentences true (T) or
false (F)?

T1 Japanese warriors used drums 2,000 years ago.

T2 The sounds of drums told people where a village boundary was.
F 3 The sound of drums in Japan has never gone away.
T 4 Taiko drumming is now popular in San Francisco.

4 Watch the second part of the video (0.55 to the end). Put the events (a–d) in
the history of taiko drumming into the correct order.

4a About 800 groups started in the United States and Canada.

1 b Japanese–American communities enjoyed traditional taiko drumming.
2 c People lost interest in taiko drumming.
3 d Seiichi Tanaka arrived in the United States.

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2f-p. 31
5 Work in pairs. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences about
taiko. Then watch the whole video again and check your answers.

1 Japanese warriors used drums to make their enemies attack / fear them.
2 The essence of taiko is that it’s not just people drumming. It’s the unity
of the audience / drummers amongst themselves.
3 In San Francisco, the movement of the body / the human voice has now
been added to traditional taiko drumming.
4 Taiko drummers sometimes have to play through pain and tiredness /
with energy and enjoyment while practising and performing.
5 Seiichi Tanaka is giving North America the chance to enjoy / see the
energy and excitement of traditional taiko drumming.

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2f-p. 31
 Videoscript Taiko master
Part 1
0.00–0.47 Narrator Two thousand years ago, Japanese warriors used drums to make their enemies
fear them. People used to mark village boundaries by how far the sounds of drums travelled.
They even used to do their daily activities to the beat of drums.
Slowly over the years, the sound of the drums went away – until now.
Now, far from Japan in the United States, a new audience is listening to this ancient drum. The art is
called ‘taiko’ and it has come from the villages of Japan to the city of San Francisco.
0.48–0.54 Sarita The essence of taiko is that it’s not just people drumming. It’s the unity of the
drummers amongst themselves.

Part 2
0.55–1.13 Narrator In San Francisco, the movement of the body has now been added to traditional
taiko drumming. It’s now an art form that brings together sound, body and mind. During a
performance, the energy of all of these parts goes into the beating of the drums.
1.14–1.24 Seiichi Tanaka Your self and the drum, totally get together. Into the drum ... your self ...
and drum come to you ... both mutual.
1.25–1.44 Narrator In the early 1900s, traditional taiko drumming was popular in Japanese-
American communities. But, by the mid 1900s, people were losing interest. Then, in 1968, Seiichi
Tanaka arrived and brought a new interest and a new style of drumming.

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Videoscript Taiko master
1.45–1.52 Seiichi Tanaka I was just fresh off the boat. So a whole bunch of ‘fresh off the boat’
people get together and play drums.
1.53–2.06 Leigh Tanaka Seiichi is a real pioneer. He’s made a dozen or so groups back in the sixties
and seventies into something like 800 groups now spread all over this country and Canada.
2.07–2.19 Seiichi Tanaka All energy from the Mother Nature through your body, come to my body –
here ... go through to the drumstick ... BHAM!
2.20–2.32 Narrator Taiko drummers sometimes have to play through pain and tiredness while
practising and performing. At that point, some drummers feel that they can really express their
feelings and energy.
2.33–2.49 Leigh It’s almost as if you are standing outside of your body kind of looking in. And you hit
this point where you’re just completely free.
2.50–3.03 Sarita The essence of Taiko is giving your 110 per cent. You have to always give, because if
you don’t give and everyone else is giving, then you’re draining from them.
3.04–3.20 Narrator Here in San Francisco, taiko came from the old world of Japan and was born
again. Grand Master Seiichi Tanaka is giving North America the chance to enjoy the energy and
excitement of traditional taiko drumming.

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 EXAMPLE ANSWERS
After you watch 1 I think I’ve been to Greece on holiday /
6 Vocabulary in context eaten Japanese food / played badminton
a dozen or so times.
a Watch the clips from the video. Choose the correct meaning of the words
and phrases.
b Complete the sentences in your own words. Then work in pairs and compare
your sentences. 2 In this school, there are something like a few
hundred /a thousand students.
1 I think I’ve … a dozen or so times.
2 In this school, there are something like … students.
3 I didn’t speak English until … . At that point, I started to learn.
4 I felt better when … went away.
5 Many people in … [place] in … [time] were just fresh off the boat.
3 I didn’t speak English until I left school / I got my first job / I went to
live in the US. At that point, I started to learn.
4 I felt better when my cold / the storm / the wild animal went away.
5 Many people in America in the early days were just fresh off the boat.
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2f-p. 31
 Videoscript Taiko master
a1 Slowly over the years, the sound of the drums went away – until now.
a disappeared
b got louder
c were played
b2 I was just fresh off the boat.
a a good traveller
b a new arrival
c a young man
a3 He’s made a dozen or so groups back in the sixties and seventies …
a about twelve
b lots of
c several
a4 … into something like 800 groups now spread all over this country and Canada.
a approximately
b at least
c more than
c5 At that point, some drummers feel that they can really express their feelings and energy.
a Because of this
b Soon
c Then
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7 Work in pairs. Discuss which art forms (including performances, music, etc.)
are or have been traditional in your country or countries. How have they
changed in recent decades?

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2f-p. 31
 UNIT 2 REVIEW AND
MEMORY BOOSTER
Grammar
1 Read part of a blog by a UK visitor to Japan. Find ten places in the blog
where words are missing. Complete the blog with these words.

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U2 Review-p. 32
 (I’ve lived in Japan) for
I’ve lived in Japan three months now and I’m 1 (three months now)
_____________________
really enjoying it. I know any Japanese before I 2 (I) didn’t (know)
_____________________
came, but I’ve learned a bit I got here, including 3 (a bit) since (I got here)
_____________________
the word matsuri, which means ‘festival’. One of
my favourite pastimes is going to matsuri. I’ve 4 (I’ve) just (got home)
_____________________
got home from the Nango summer jazz festival –
it was great to sit around in the sunshine (Last week we) went (to
listening to brilliant music! Last week we to 5 Tenjin matsuri)
_____________________
Tenjin matsuri here in Osaka. It been part of 6 (It) has (been part)
_____________________
Osaka summer events about a thousand years 7 _____________________
and some performances have hardly changed (have hardly changed)
8 _____________________
since (then)
then – the traditional kagura music, for example,
which I loved. There also an amazing puppet 9 (There) was (also)
____________________
theatre. Tomorrow there’s a big procession of
boats on the river. I haven’t been on the river, so 10 (on the river) yet
_____________________
I’m really looking forward to that. (of Osaka summer events) for (about a
thousand years)
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U2 Review-p. 32
2 Answer the questions about the blog in Exercise 1.

1 When did the writer learn Japanese?

2 What time of year was it when the writer wrote the blog?
3 What did the writer see at the Tenjin festival?
4 How many times has the writer been on a boat on the river in Osaka?

1 After he/she arrived in Japan three months ago.

2 It was summer.
3 a traditional kagura music performance and a puppet theatre
4 None – the writer has never been on a boat on the river in
Osaka before.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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U2 Review-p. 32
3 Work in pairs. Underline the present perfect simple verbs and circle the past
simple verbs in the blog in Exercise 1 and explain why each is used.
Present perfect simple verbs:
I’ve lived: for + a period of time
have learned: the activity started in the past and has an effect on
the present
I’ve just got (home): recent event with an effect on the present, used
with just
has been … for: for + a period of time
have hardly changed since: since + point of time when the activity
started
haven’t been … yet: negative used with yet
Past simple verbs:
I didn’t know: for a finished period of time, i.e. ‘before I came’
I came: it’s clear from the situation when this happened
it was (great): past simple of be – it’s clear from the situation when
this happened
went (to Tenjin Matsuri): we say when the activity happened
I loved: it’s clear from the situation when this happened
There was also: past simple of be – it’s clear from the situation when
this happened
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teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
U2 Review-p. 32
4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner about a festival you have been to.

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teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
U2 Review-p. 32
Vocabulary
5 Work in pairs. Which two people are usually involved in these
performances? Then choose four types of performer and tell your partner
about people you have heard about.

1 FILM: actor, director, magician

2 CONCERT: clown, conductor, musician
3 BALLET: choreographer, comedian, dancer
4 MUSICAL: audience, singer, orchestra

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teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
U2 Review-p. 32
6 Work in groups. In two minutes, write the names of as many ‘hit’ art events
(films, books, albums, exhibitions, etc.) as you can. Then discuss the ones
you have all heard of. Each person must use all of these words. You can’t use
more than two words about one event. Continue until everyone has used all
the words at least once.

7 Work in pairs. Describe what kind of music makes you do the following.

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U2 Review-p. 32
Real life
8 Work in pairs. Choose the correct option in the questions.

1 A: Do you fancy to go / going out tonight?

2 A: Would you like to see / seeing a movie?
3 A: Do you / Would you like the sound of that?
4 B: Who’s in / on it?
5 B: Who’s it by / for?
6 B: What’s it about / of?

9 Take the roles of A and B in Exercise 8 and act out the conversation, giving
answers to the questions and adding more information.

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National Geographic Learning, a Cengage Company. © 2019 Cengage Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This presentation tool is for
teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
U2 Review-p. 32