IT’s WORLD
OIL SPILL
OCEANS
DAY!
Here is where your presentation begins
Prepared by: Angellie Gaspar
MAED Biological Science
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
ARTICLE:
oil spills
ECOLOGICAL Basic concepts
prevention,
ISSUE response and
rehabilitation
04 05
Laws and policies Learning
related to oil spill competencies
01
Article:
ecological
issue
Philippines/ Guimaras
Island: Recovering
from the Oil Spill
Summary :
Last August 11, the tanker M/T Solar 1, carrying a cargo
of 2 million liters of bunker fuel, sank approximately 10
miles off the southern coast of Guimaras
A total of 58 barangays in the island and the adjacent
Iloilo province were immediately affected and a total of
7,870 families were surrounded by contaminated air and
water.
Summary :
The fishing industry suffered the most, with some
20,000 fisher folks suddenly having no means to make a
living
The province is home to the Taklong Island National
Marine Reserve and the Southeast Asian Fisheries
Development Center's Research Station
Summary :
Tourism is also among its economic drivers; famous for
its picturesque white sand beaches, diving spots, rich
marine biodiversity and verdant environment
Originally a member of the so-called "Club 20" , yet
were able to pull the province up to 44th among the 79
provinces in the Philippines in terms of economic
performance by 2005
Summary :
On August 14, Governor Nava created Task Force
Sunrise as a quick response to the environmental and
socio-economic disaster that hit the province
A week later, President Gloria Arroyo declared the oil
spill as a national disaster and created an inter-agency
Task Force Guimaras, administered by members of the
National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
Summary :
Phase 1 of the oil spill clean up is almost finished, yet
they need to decide to do Phase 2 which require the use
of technical equipment
Oil from the tanker will be siphoned out by the salvage
company chosen and it could take up to six (6) months
for the salvaging to start
The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund
(IOPC) will bear the costs for the salvaging
Summary :
The extent of the damage to the environment and to the
livelihood of the Guimarasnons poses different problems
such as the absence of safe drinking water, problems in
selling fish and ecotourism crippled at the moment
UNDP has also been laying the groundwork towards
long-term rehabilitation and sustainable development
Summary :
The UN General Assembly has adopted a resolution on
"Special economic assistance for the Philippines" which
55 UN member-states had co-sponsored
A PICTURE IS WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS
02 Basic concepts
What is an oil spill?
Is the release of a liquid
petroleum hydrocarbon into
the environment especially
marine areas, due to human
activity or an accident
What is an oil spill?
It include any type of crude oil
or any type of distilled oil like
kerosene, lubricating oil, diesel
fuels, gasoline, hydraulic oil
and jet fuels
Types of oil spills?
Class a oil Class b oil Class c oil
Crude oil, jet fuel and Kerosene, heating oil and . Variants of crude oil,
gasoline low quality crude oil bunker B and bunker C oil
Types of oil spills?
Class d oil Non-petroleum oil
It’s the closest planet to the
Sun and the smallest in the Synthetic oils derived from
Solar System animal and plant fat comes
Fate of spilled oil
1. Evaporation of vapours
2. spreading
3. dissolution
4. Residual materials
5. degradation
Causes of oil spill
1. Natural Causes
2. Anthropogenic Causes
a. Oil transportation
b. Oil drilling
c. Drainage systems
d. War
e. Sporting activities at Sea
Natural causes
Anthropogenic causes
OIL TRANSPORTATION OIL DRILLING
Anthropogenic causes
DRAINAGE SYSTEM WAR
Anthropogenic causes
SPORTS AT SEA
EFFECTS of oil spill
1. Local Industries
2. Human health
3. Marine Ecosystem and Birds (sea animals, sea
plants and coral reefs)
4. Vegetation and Mangroves
5. Lack of Clean Drinking Water
6. Tourism
LOCAL
o
INDUSTRIES
Employees and businesses may find
themselves out of work due to lose of their
source of income
o Toxins kill or contaminate fish stocks
o Devices used to catch fish cannot be used for
fear of damaging them in area that have had
an oil spill
HUMAN HEALTH
o Inhalation of vapor, touching of oil slicks and
consuming contaminated sea food
o Causes neurological, acute toxic effects,
ocular and respiratory problems
MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND BIRDS
o The health effects of oil spills in birds, fish and sea
mammals includes:
a. Hypothermia – contact with oil can harm the
insulation of feathers and furs
b. Poisoning - sea mammals, birds, and fish can be
killed or sickened if they ingest or inhale oil
c. Drowning - birds who have come into physical
contact with oil slicks can get weighed down by the
substance and drown
MARINE ECOSYSTEM AND BIRDS
d. Disturbed breeding grounds - fish eggs and larvae, as well as bird eggs,
are sensitive to toxins and can be damaged by oil spills; birds and fish that
are exposed to oil often experience impaired reproductive abilities
e. Deformities - marine life may suffer from deformities such as stunted
growth, fin abnormalities, fertility problems, and other impairments
f. Other Damage - Marine life's respiratory, cardiac, and immune systems can
be compromised due to oil spills.
VEGETATION AND MANGROVES
Oil reaching the root areas of plants may
be harmful
Loss of sea grasses and other vegetation
may lead to scarcity of food supply for
marine organisms
Coral reefs is also vulnerable to oil slicks,
which could lead to the destruction by
wave erosion, hence many organisms will
lose their homes
VEGETATION AND MANGROVES
Mangroves are salt tolerant trees and
shrubs, that provide habitat for sea
birds, crabs, oysters, breeding grounds
for birds
Their complex root system stabilizes
and prevent soil erosion
They obtain oxygen through lenticels
on aerial roots, which may be clogged
and stop oxygen supply
LACK OF CLEAN DRINKING WATER
And lack of clean drinking water may
lead to waterborne diseases
TOURISM
The number of people who will visit
that region reduces drastically. Hence,
causing tough economic times in that
region or country.
4 MAJOR OIL SPILL IN THE
HISTORY
1. Gulf war oil spill- 1,360,000 – 1,500,000 tones (8million barrels) in the
year 1991.
2. Ixtoc oil well- 454,000 tones was spilled due to explosion of oil well in the
year 1979 in Gulf of Mexico
3. Atlantic empress- 287,000 tones were spilled when this oil tanker collided
with another ship in 1979 in Caribbean Sea.
4. Fergana valley- 285,000 tones were spilled on land in the year 1992.
5. Nowruz oil field- 260,000 tones were spilled when a tanker collided in
1983 during first gulf war.
4 MAJOR OIL SPILL IN THE
HISTORY
6. ABT summer- 260,000 tones were spilled due to leakage in the year 1991
in Angolan coast.
7. Castillo de bellver- 252,000 tones were spilled due to explosion of the oil
tanker in 1983 in Cape Town.
8. Amoco Cadiz- 223,000 tones were spilled when a ship sank in the year
1978 in France.
9. The haven- 145,000 tones were spilled due to explosion in 1991 in Italy.
10. The odyssey- 132,000 tones were spilled when an oil tanker split into
two in 1988 in Nova Scotia.
oil spills 03
prevention,
response and
rehabilitation
PREVENTION
• Prevention of oil spills is simple
• The best preventive measures to this kind of disaster is to keep a tanker afloat when
transferring fuels across seas. Dilapidated tankers are obviously not to be used and
frequent monitoring of the ship should be enforced.
• Because of the Guimaras Oil Spills, single hulled tankers are already banned from
shipping in the Philippines.
• Tankers, although large and sturdy, should not be allowed to cross seas in bad
weather conditions so as not to put it at risk.
• Only trained professionals should be allowed to man tankers so as to avoid
misjudgements in case of an emergency.
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
RESPONSE/RECOVERY
REHABILITATION
There are two types of rehabilitation for the two major victims of an oil spill:
a. the local flora and fauna
- rehabilitation may take form in the creation of artificial reforestation of mangroves of
flora of seabeds
b. the local economy
- funds are allocated more on economic problems of affected areas
- livelihood programs are set while they are temporarily given financial help since their
jobs are on hold because of the oil contamination
04 Laws and
policies
related to oil
spill
Local Laws and policies
R.A. 9993and its IRR –Philippine Coast Guard Law of 2009
P.D. 602 –National Oil Pollution Operations Center Decree
P.D. 979 –Marine Pollution Decree of 1976
R.A. 10654 –Amended Fisheries Code of the Philippines
Local Laws and policies
R.A. 9275 –Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
R.A. 9483 –Oil Pollution Compensation Act of 2007
R.A. 10121 –PH Disaster Reduction & Management Act of 2010
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973
as modified by Protocol of 1978 (MARPOL 73/78)
International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund Convention, 1992
International Convention on Oil Pollution Prevention Response
and Cooperation (OPRC) 1990
AGREEMENTS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION
SEAN Council on Petroleum
ASEAN Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan (ROSCOP)
Sulu-Sulawesi Sea Oil Spill Response Network
MOA between the Philippines and Thailand for Oil Spill
Response
AGREEMENTS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION
MOA between the Philippines and Indonesia for Oil Spill Response
MOA between the Philippines and Vietnam for Oil Spill Response
05
LEARNING
COMPETENCY
Learning Competency in KTO12 SCIENCE cURRICULUM
GraDE 3 Grade 5
Recognize the importance of people,
Communicates proper ways of caring
animals, plants, lakes, rivers, the sea,
and protecting animals
hills and mountains in the
surooundings
Grade 4 GRADE 7
Determines the factors/ environmental
Describes ways of using Earth’s
conditions needed by living things to
resources wisely
survive
Infers the importance of water to daily Grade 8
activities
Explains the advantage of high
biodiversity over low biodiversity
AWESOME
WORDS
AWESOME
WORDS
