ROUTING AND SWITCHING
PREPARED BY: ENG-ZADIK
TCP/IP ADDRESSING
PROTOCOL: set of rules to follow to have proper communication.
NETWORK PROTOCOLS:
TCP/IP: Department of Defense
IPX/SPX: NOVELL
APPLETALK: APPLE
NETBIOS: MICROSOFT
OSI: ISO
What is TCP/IP
TCP/IP is standard protocol used between computers and network devices for
communication
Internetwork based on TCP/IP
TCP/IP addressing
IP address is logical address given to each and every device in the network
Ip address is used to identified specific device in the network.
Two versions of IP:
IP version 4 (32 bit)
IP version 6 (64 bit)
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
ON IP Version 4 host communications three different ways:
1. Unicast: the process of sending a packet from one host to individual host
2. Broadcast: the process of sending a packet from one host to all host in the
network.
3. Multicasting: the process of sending a packet from one host to a selected group of
hosts, possibly in different network.
Class D 224-239 Reserved for multicasting
SUBNET-MASK
Subnet-mask: differentiates network and host portion
1 represent a network
0 represent a host
CLASS A N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0
CLASS B N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0
CLASS C N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0
PUBLIC IP ADDRESS PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
Is used on public network Used with the LAN or within
Organization
Recognized on internet Not recognized internet
Given by service provider (from IANA) Given by the administration
Globally unique Unique with network or organization
Pay to service provider free
Registered Unregistered
PRIVATE IP ADDRESS
There are certain addresses in each class of IP address that are reserved for private
networks. These addresses are called private address
CLASS A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
CLASS B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
CLASS C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
MEDIA TYPES
Copper cables (UTP and Coaxial)
Fiber-optic cables
Wireless (RF signals)
UTP CABLE
Used for connecting device within network.
Support distance maximum 100 meter
Straight or cross cable based on alignment of wires inside RJ-45 Jack
SWITCH PART
CISCO SWITCH
Provide centralized location to connect device within LAN.
HUB SWITCH
It has no intelligence It has intelligence device and
maintain mac-address table
It always do broadcast It uses broadcast and unicast
It works with 0’s and 1’s It works with physical address
It has one broadcast domain It has 1 broadcast domain by default
It has one collision domain Number of collision domain depends
on number of ports
It works with shared bandwidth It works with fixed bandwidth
TYPES OF SWITCH
1. MANAGED SWITCH:
Plug and play (connect and use)
It has console port and cli access
We can verify and modify configuration and can implement and test some
advance switching.
2. UNMANAGEABLE SWITCH:
Plug and play (connect and use)
No configuration and verification can be done
There is no console port
CISCO HEIRARCHICAL DESIGN
1. ACCESS LAYER: (1900 $ 2900) Layer 2 switches
2. DISTRIBUTION LAYER: 3550, 3560, 3750 (L3 switch or multilayer switch)
3. CORE LAYER: 6500, 4500 (layer 3 switch or multilayer switch)
TERMINAL EMULATION PROGRAMM
Software available for connecting network device
1. Hyber terminal
2. Putty
3. SecureCRT
4. Tera term
LAN PORTS RJ45
ETHERNET: 10Mbps
FAST ETHERNET: 100Mbps
GIGABIT ETHERNET: 1000Mbps
CONSOLE PORT
RJ45 port
Local administration, iniatial configuration and password recovery
AUXILARY PORT:
Its RJ45 port
Is used for remote administration
INTERNAL COMPONENTS
1. ROM: loads bootstrap program and search for IOS (flash, TFTP server)
2. Flash: stores IOS
3. NVRAM: stores configurations (permanent)
4. RAM: stores configuration (Temporary)
MODES ON CISCO SWITCH
1. USER MODE: some basic monitoring switch>
2. Privilege Mode: monitoring and some troubleshooting
switch#
3. GLOBAL CONFIGURATION MODE: all configuration that effect the switch
globally
switch(config)#
4. INTERFACE MODE: configuration done specific interface
switch(config-if)#
BASIC CONFIGUARION
Switch> ?
Switch> show flash
Switch> show version
Switch> show ip interface brief
PRIVILEDG MODE
All show command copy, erase command
Switch> enable
Switch# show version
Switch# show interface status
CONFIGURATION MODE
Switch#
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config) hostname CCNA
CCNA(config)#banet motd ‘please don’t enter password without permission’
ASSIGNING CONSOLE PASSWORD
ASSIGNING AUXIALRY PASSWORD
