Personal Protective

Equipment
 ACCIDENT THEORY

MATERIAL

WORKER
Work Methods
ENVIRONMENT MACHINE
 Personal Protective
Equipment
Personal protective equipment are variety of
devices and garments designed to serve as
a barrier between workers and workplace
hazards.
 PPE: Last line of defense
Three areas where hazards can be controlled

Administrative Control :
Exposure time limitations ,Safe work practices
Alarms and Warning signs, Training and Education

Workplace Worker
Management
Engineering Control :
Point of contact:
Elimination of the hazard
Minimization of the hazard
>PPE
Isolation of the hazard
Redirection of hazard
Guidelines in Selecting PPE

1. Identify the hazard

2. Understand the effect
3. Recommend the proper equipment
4. Train on proper usage and maintenance
 Personal Protective Equipment:
Worker’s Last Line of Defense
Different occupations expose workers to the possibility of injury,
illness or even death due to the various hazards present in the
workplaces. These hazards, though in some ways minimized, can
not be entirely eliminated by both engineering and administrative
control measures. There is still a need for another form of
protection that will serve as a barrier against workplace hazards…
the Personal Protective Equipment.

Personal protective equipment or PPE is not a mere substitute

for engineering and/or administrative controls. Rather, it should be
used in conjunction with these controls to better provide for
employee safety and health in the workplace. In this light, PPE that
is made available for workers’ use must be appropriate and of
approved type.
 Personal Protective
Equipment
Head
Head Protection
Protection Eye
Eye &
& Face
Face Protection
Protection

Hearing
Hearing Protection
Protection Respiratory
Respiratory Protection
Protection

Hand
Hand &
& Arm
Arm Protection
Protection Foot
Foot Protection
Protection

Torso
Torso Protection
Protection Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
 HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hat or
Safety Helmet
A rigid device that is worn
to provide protection for
the head and which is held
in place by a suitable
suspension.
Parts of a Hard Hat
1. The suspension system includes the headband and straps
on the inside of the hat. This system absorbs and
distributes the force of impact.
2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp objects,
such as falling tool. It also absorbs part of the force of
impact, since it’s somewhat flexible.

3. The chin strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head.
4. The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.
Characteristics of a Good Quality Hard Hat

HARD HAT must be able to absorb the shock

of the blow from falling objects, be able to
resist penetration from sharp objects and
must be a good insulator against electrical
hazards.

Additional characteristics of a hard hat is its

ability for low water absorption and slow
flammability rate of the shell.
 Personal Protective Equipment
Care and Maintenance

Wash with mild soap and water.

Inspection
1. The suspension system – look for frayed, worn, or
cut straps.
2. The hard outer shell – must have no cracks.
Head protection
should be worn
whenever there is
even a remote
chance that a
head injury could
happen!
 Eye & Face
Protection
Protective eye and face
equipment shall be required
where there is a reasonable
probability of injury that
can be prevented by such
equipment.
 Personal Protective Equipment
Eye and Face Protection
(ANSI Z87.1 – 1989)

[Link] Spectacles
[Link] Goggles
[Link] Shields
Safety Spectacles or Glasses are
primary protective devices intended to shield the
wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects,
glare and injurious radiation hazards.

Sideshield is an integral device or an accessory

attached to spectacles that provides side exposure
protection to the eye.
 Goggles are primary protective devices
intended to fit the face immediately surrounding
the eyes.

Unlike safety glasses, goggles provide a secure shield around the

entire eye area. Chemical goggles protect eyes from splashes and
flying particles. Shop goggles protect against flying particles and
should be used instead of glasses when there is the potential for
objects to be flying from all directions.
 Personal Protective Equipment
Face Shield is a protective device intended to
shield the wearer’s face, or portions thereof from
striking objects or chemical, heat and glare
hazards.
Welding shield is a protective
device intended to shield the eyes and
face from optical radiation and impact.
Characteristics of a Good Quality
Spectacles, Goggles and Face Shields
•Provide adequate protection against the particular
hazards for which they are designed
•Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the
designated conditions
•Fit snugly without interfering with the movements or
vision of the wearer
•Be within tolerable refractive power
•Be durable
•Be capable of being disinfected
•Be easily cleanable
 Personal Protective Equipment

Use of Eye and Face Protections

"A a general rule, face shields should be
worn over suitable basic eye protection."

- National Safety Council

Hearing Protection
The Need for Ear Protection and
Prevention of Excessive Noise Exposure

Exposure to high noise levels can cause

hearing loss or impairment. It can create
physical and psychological stress. There is
no cure for noise-induced hearing loss, so
the prevention of excessive noise exposure
is the only way to avoid hearing damage.
 TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTORS
Earplugs
Hearing protectors placed inside the ear
to block out noise. To work effectively,
they should fit snugly into the ear canal.
 TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTORS
Earmuffs
A device composed of a headband with two cushioned ear cups that form a
seal around the outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out the noise.
Selection

• proper fit
• the employee’s noise exposure
• the employee’s hearing ability
• communication needs
• other constraints specific to job tasks
 ARM’S LENGTH RULE
 “If two people (with no hearing
impairment) have to raise their voices or
shout to be heard in a distance of less
than an arm’s length from each other,
the sound level is potentially
hazardous.”
blah, blah, blah…
 RESPIRATORY HAZARDS

Acids/Mists
Solvents/Vapors
Gases / Smoke
Dusts/Particulates
Heavy Metals/Fumes
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

 Filtration respirator
 Chemical respirator
 Air-supplying respirator
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS
or Mechanical Respirators screen
out dust, fume, mist and smoke.
Such Filters need to be replaced
at frequent intervals.

CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE
DEVICES remove contaminants
by passing the tainted air
through material that traps the
harmful portions. There are
specific cartridges for specific
contaminants.
 AIR-SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Supply air from an air tank is strapped at
the person’s back.
 HAND AND ARM HAZARDS

• 1. Temperature extremes
• 2. Chemical exposures and splashes
• 3. Sharp objects
• 4. Fire
• 5. Abrasive materials
• 6. Live Electrical Conductors
COMMON HAND & ARM INJURY

• Burns
• Bruises
• Abrasions
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Fractures
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Skin Protection
The job of protective clothing
is generally to protect the skin
against chemicals, cuts,
bruises, and extremes of
temperatures. It is therefore,
important to choose the right
material for hands protection
and arms protection.
 DIFFERENT KINDS OF
GLOVES

Metal mesh Leather gloves Vinyl & neoprene

gloves resist shield your hands gloves protect
sharp edges and from rough your hands
prevent cuts surfaces and heat against toxic
chemicals
 GLOVES CONTINUED…

Rubber gloves
Welder’s gloves
protect you when
protect your
working around
hands from heat
electricity.
and flames
 GLOVES CONTINUED…

Latex disposable Lead-lined gloves are Cotton gloves

gloves are used to used to protect your help grasp
protect your hands hands from radiation slippery objects
from germs and sources. and protect
bacteria against slivers,
dirt,, moderate
heat or cold.
REMINDER !
Foot and Leg Protection
Hazards:
 Falling or rolling objects
 Sharp objects
 Hot surfaces
 Wet, slippery surfaces
 Live Electrical conductors
 COMMON FOOT AND LEG
INJURY
• Fractures
• Punctures
• Burns
• Cuts
• Amputations
• Electrocution
 FOOT PROTECTION
Safety Shoes
Steel toe cap
footwear protects your
toes from being crushed
by falling objects.

Mid-sole steel plate

protects the foot from punctured
hazards.
Safety Shoes and Boots

ELECTROSTATIC ELECTRICAL HAZARD

DISSIPATING footwear are insulated
footwear conducts with tough rubber to
static electricity to prevent shocks and burns
floors that are from electricity.
grounded.
 FALL PROTECTION
Full-body Harness
(BS: 1397:1979)
 FALL PROTECTION
• Body Belt -
Used to restraint
a worker’s movement
to a certain area
Resistance of employees
to PPE
Discomfort

Inaccurate risk perception

Lack of education and training
 MOTIVATING WORKERS
TO WEAR PPE
• Involve employees in the selection process
• Cultivate behavior-based safety
• Conduct Training on PPE
• Enforce disciplinary action
 LIMITATIONS OF PPE
1. The hazard still exists.
2. A defective PPE offers no protection
3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard.
4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.
5. Improper wearing may not give maximum
protection.
6. It may transfer hazard to another location.