Noli Me Tángere
UNIT 11 / 12
Presented by Group 8 :
Concepcion , Mikaela
Guanzon, Grandy Lee
Manaloto, Jenny
Table of Contents
01 02
Introduction The Making
NOLI ME TANGERE Publication of the Noli
03 04
Summary Characters of Noli Me
Tangere
05
The Indolence of the
Filipino
01
Introduction
NOLI ME TANGERE
● a novel by José Rizal
● published in 1887 in Berlin.
● Early English translations used titles like
-An Eagle Flight (1900)
-The Social Cancer (1912)
● commonly published and read in the Philippines in
either Filipino or English.
● reading of Noli Me Tangere is obligatory for junior
high school students
INFLUENCE
Dr. Rizal was inspired from the book entitled "Uncle
Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beechers Stowe which portrays
the brutalities of american slave-owners and the pathetic
conditions of the unfortunate slaves.
THE TITLE
● “Noli Me Tangere” is a Latin phrase that Rizal took from the
Bible meaning “ Touch Me Not” in John 2017, the newly-
risen Christ says to Mary Magdalene : Touch me not; I am not
ascended to my father , but go to my brethren, and say unto
them I ascend undo myFather , and to my God and your God.”
● The title "Noli Me Tangere" translates to "Huwag Mo Akong
Salingin" in Filipino which means Huwag mo akong hawakan
● Noli Me Tangere ( The Social Cancer as the alternative
English title) is a Spanish-language novel that is credited with
the awakening of nationalism among the Filipinos of Rizal’s
time.
● The English translation of Charle Derybshire was titled The
Social Cancer, although some other translations retains the
original Latin.
02
THE MAKING
REPORTED BY:
An Idea...
In the bleak winter of 1886 was memorable in the life of Rizal for
two reasons; first, it was a time where he was hungry, sick and
despondent in a strange city and second, it brought him great joy,
The Making after enduring so much sufferings, because his first novel “Noli Me
Tángere” came off the press.
It was inspired from the book entitled “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet
Influence
Beechers Stowe which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and
the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate slaves. To prepare a novel that would
depict the miseries of his people under the lash of Spanish tyrants because the
novel is a reflection of what the Filipinos were going through during that time,
He wrote it to open the eyes of the Filipinos to the reality that they were being
oppressed. The title “Noli Me Tángere” translates to Huwag mo akong
Salingin” in Filipino which means “Don’t touch me.”
Dates and Places
01 02
January 2, 1884 End of 1884
● Rizal proposed the writing of novel about the ● Rizal began writing the novel in
Philippines by a group of Filipinos
Madrid and finished about one-
● His proposal as unanimously approved by those
half of it.
present, among them were the Paternos (Pedro,
Maximino and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente,
Melecio Figuerio, and Valentin Ventura
Dates and Places
03 04
1885 February 1886
● In Paris, 1885, after completing his studies in ● In Berlin during the winter days, Rizal
the Central University of Madrid he finished the
made the final revisions on the
second half.
manuscript of Noli even though he
● In Germany, he finished the last fourth of the
was sick and penniless, no hope of
novel.
having it published.
● In Wilhelmsfeld in April-June 1885, Rizal
wrote the few chapters of Noli.
Dates and Places
05 06
March 5,1887 March 21,1887
● Rizal writing to Felix R. Hidalgo ● the Noli Me Tangere came off the press.
in French, said: "Noli Me ● In order to reduce costs, he deleted certain
Tangere", words taken from the passages in the manuscript , including the
Gospel of St. Luke "do not touch whole chapter “ Elias and Salome”
me" ● Rizal immediately sent the first copies of the
printed novel to his intimate friends including
Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, G. Lopez
Jaena, Mariano Ponce and Felix R. Hidalgo.
At that time, Rizal was suspected as a French Spy for
he was caught roaming house to house. He was asked
for his passport but could present nothing so he was
given 4 days to give. So he was escorted by Viola to
the immigration office to apply for it. But it was not
approved. Rizal, in fluent German language,
presented himself to the office and impressed them
with his explanation.
Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my
father, but go to my Brethren, and say unto
them, I ascend unto my father, and your father;
and to my God and your God." Rizal dedicated
this novel Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines--
"To My Fatherland"
-Dedication to "Noli Me Tangere"
Dr. Maximo Viola
● Savior of Noli
● helped him print his book at a fine
print media in Berlin named Berliner
Buchdruckerei-Actiengesellschaft which
charge the lowest rate of 300 pesos for
2000 copies
● Friend of Rizal who was coming to Berlin.
● Gladly agreed to finance the printing of
Noli and also loaned some cash money for
living expenses of Rizal
● The printing was finished earlier than the
estimated five months.
Return to the Country
● The novel and its sequel El Filibusterismo made noise and was even
banned in some regions of the Philippines but they were still smuggled
nonetheless
● He was summoned to the Malacanang Palace by Governor-General
Emilio Terrero who he was later on able to appease. The pressure of the
church on the other hand still remained.
● Rizal was accused of inciting rebellion and was exiled to Dapitan.
● On December 30,1896, he was executed in Manila
● The book served as key factors to opening the eyes of his countrymen
and reminded them of the identities they hold as Filipinos
1956
● the Congress of the Philippines passed the
Republic Act 1425, more popularly
known as the Rizal Law, which requires all
levels of Philippine schools to teach the novel
as part of their curriculum.
● Noli Me Tangere is being taught to third year
secondary school students, while its sequel
El Filibusterismo is being taught for
fourth year secondary school students. The
novels are incorporated to their study and
survey of Philippine literature.
August 21, 2007
● a 480-page then-latest English version
of Noli Me Tangere was released to
major Australian book stores by
Penguin Books Classics.
● Harold Augenbraum translated the
novel
03
Summary
Reported by:
Having complete his studies in Europe, Juan
Crisostomo Ibarra came back to the Philippines
after a 7-year absence. In his honor, captain Tiago
threw a get together party, which was attended by
friars and other prominent figures. In an
unfortunate incident, former curate father Damaso
be little and slandered Ibarra. But Ibarra brushed
off the insult and took no offense.
Ibarra went to see Maria Clara, his love interest, a
beautiful daughter of captain. Their long-standing
love was clearly manifested in this meeting, and
Maria Clara cannot help but reread the letters her
sweetheart had written to her before he went to
Europe. Before Ibarra left for San Diego, lieutenant
Guevara, a guardian civil revealed to him the
incidents preceding the death of his father, don
Rafael Ibarra, a rich Haciendero of the town.
According to the lieutenant, Don Rafael was unjustly
accused of being a heretic and filibuster. Father Damaso
animosity against Ibarra’s father was aggravated by
another incident when don Rafael helped out on a fight
between a tax collector and a student fighting, and the
former’s death was blamed on him, although it was not
deliberate. Suddenly, all of those who thought ill of
surfaced with additional complaints.
He was imprisoned, and just when the matter was almost
settled, he got sick and died in jail. Still not content with
what he had done, father Damaso arranged for Don
Rafael’s corpse to be dug up and transferred from the
catholic cemetery to the Chinese cemetery, because he
thought it appropriate to allow a heretic such as Don
Rafael to have a catholic burial ground.
Revenge was not Ibarra’s plan: instead he carried thought his father plan
of putting up a school, since he believed that education would pave the
way to his country’s progress, during the inauguration of the school,
Ibarra would have been killed in a sabotage had Elias- a mysterious man
who had warned Ibarra earlier of a plot to assassinate him. Instead, the
hired killer met an unfortunate incident and died. The sequence of events
proved to be too traumatic for Maria Clara who got seriously ill but was
luckily cured by the medicine Ibarra sent to her.
After the inauguration, Ibarra hosted a luncheon during which father
Damaso, in invited and gate-crashing the luncheon, again insulted him.
Ibarra ignored the priest’s insolence, but when the latter slandered the
memory of his dead father, he was no longer able to restrain himself at
father Damaso, prepared to stab the letter for his imprudence. As a
consequence, father Damaso excommunicated Ibarra. Father Damaso
took this opportunity to pursued the already- hesitant father of Maria
Clara to forbid his daughter from marrying Ibarra. The friar wished to
marry a peninsular named Linares who has arrived from Spain.
With the help of captain-general, Ibarra’s excommunication was nullified and the archbishop decided
to accept him as a member of the church once again. but, as fate would have t, some incident of
which Ibarra had known nothing about was blamed on him, and he was wrongly arrested and he was
wrongly arrested and imprisoned. But the accusation against him was overruled because during the
litigation that followed, nobody could testify that he was indeed involved. Unfortunately, his letter to
Maria clara somehow got into the hands of the jury and was manipulated such that it then became
evidence against him.
Meanwhile, in captain Tiago residence, a party was being
held to announce the upcoming wedding of Maria Clara and
Linares. Ibarra, with the help of Elias, took this opportunity
and escaped from prison. But before leaving, Ibarra talked
to Maria Clara and accused her for betraying him, thinking
that she gave the letter to wrote her to the jury. Maria Clara
explained to Ibarra that she will never conspire against him
but that she was forced to surrender Ibarra’s letter to her in
exchange for the letter written by her mother.
Afterwards, Ibarra and Elias bounded a boat and left the
place. Elias instructed Ibarra to lie down and the former
covered the latter with grass to conceal the latter’s presence.
Maria Clara, thinking that Ibarra has been killed in the
shooting incident, was greatly overcome with grief. She
asked father Damaso to confine her into a nunnery. Father
Damaso reluctantly agreed when Maria Clara threated to
take her own life, demanding, “the nunnery of death”
unbeknown to her, Ibarra is still alive and able to escape.
It was Elias who had taken that shots.
It was Christmas Eve when Elias woke up in the forest,
gravely wounded and bravely alive. It was in the forest
that Elias found Basilio and his lifeless mother, Sisa.
04
CHARACTERS OF
NOLI ME TANGERE
Reported by:
Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin
● Only son of Don Rafael Ibarra, He came from
Europe after 7 years of studying.
● Outspoken and Idealistic
● Patient and serious man.
● He becomes very violent and impulsive when he
was provoked.
● Ibarra as Rizal’s reflection himself.
● He symbolizes the idealism of the privileged
youth.
● The love interest of Maria Clara
María Clara de los Santos y Alba
● Religious woman
● She portrayed as a faithful sweetheart , a good
friend and an obedient daughter of Kapitan
Tiyago
● She had childish simplicity
● She gets easily nervous
● Her character is related to Rizal’s childhood
sweetheart, Leonor Rivera
● She symbolizes the purity and innocence of a
sheltered native woman.
Elias
● He distrusts human judgment and prefers
God’s justice instead.
● He prefers a revolution over the reforms.
● He represents the common Filipino.
● He is said to be the personification of Andres
Bonifacio.
● A man hiding from the authorities. He is
bound to save Ibarra until death
Don Santiago de los Santos
● known by his nickname Tiago and political
title Capitán Tiago
● Filipino businessman and the cabeza de
barangay of Sandiego.
● The foster father of Maria Clara
● He is said to be a good Catholic, friend of the
Spanish government.
● He symbolizes the rich Filipinos who oppress
their fellow countrymen.
Dámaso Verdolagas or Padre Dámaso
● Franciscan friar
● Talkative and cruel priest.
● He raped Doña Pia, Maria Clara’s mother .
● He continually antagonizes Ibarra and
prevents his marriage to Maria Clara.
● He symbolizes the Spanish friars of Rizal’s
time.
● The former parish priest of San Diego
Padre Bernardo Salví
● Manipulates people to get what he wants.
● He is described to be very thin and sickly.
● The Franciscan curate of San Diego, secretly
harboring lust for María Clara.
● His last name, "Salvi" is the shorter form of
"Salvi" meaning Salvation, or "Salvi" is short
for "Salvaje"
Padre Hernando de la Sibyla
● He is often cool and intelligent, especially when correcting the
other friar, Padre Damaso, of the latter's ostentatiousness.
● a Dominican friar who is the curate of Binondo and had been a
former professor at San Juan de Letran college Symbolizes the
liberal friar but would rather stay in the background rather than
incur the wrath of other priests in power.
● He is aware of the injustices done to the natives but would not do
anything to change it, as all he cares about is getting his
congregation in power.
Sisa
● Sisa Is the deranged mother of Basilio
and Crispín.
● Described as beautiful and young,
although she loves her children very
much, she can not protect them from the
beatings of her husband, Pedro.
Personified the suffering of the
motherland.
● Named after Rizal’s older sister, Narcisa.
Crispin
● He is 7 years old, often talks about silly
things and is Sisa’s favorite son.
● An altar boy, he was unjustly accused of
stealing money from the church.
Basilio
● He is 10 years old. An acolyte tasked to
ring the church bells for the Angelus
● They represented the innocent who were
wrongly accused of crimes they did not
commit.
● Their story was based on the true tale of the
Crisostomo brother’s of Hagonoy
Filosofo Tacio
● Don Anastacio known by his Filipinized name
Pilosopo Tasyo
● He considered a fool by uneducated and a
philosopher by educated
● He spent most of his money on books and now
lives in poverty Rizal can relate to his character
as his oldest brother, Paciano Rizal. He
symbolizes the learned Filipinos. He is a
pessimist.
Doña Victorina de los Reyes de Espadaña
● commonly known as Doña Victorina
● An ambitious Filipina. She symbolizes those
who have a distorted view of their identity.
● Wife of Don Tiburcio.
Don Tiburcio de Espadaña
● He is timid and rarely joins in
conversation.
● Makes living as a quack doctor.
● Represented the ignorant Spaniards
whose foolishness the other Spaniards
tolerated, often resulting in disastrous
consequences for the natives.
● Husband of Doña Victorina
Alfonso Linares
● Distant nephew of Tiburcio de Espanada
● The would-be fiancé of María Clara
● He revealed that Don Tiburcio, is a fraud.
● He later died due to given medications of
Don Tiburcio.
Teniente Guevara
● Close friend of Don Rafael Ibarra.
● He reveals to Crisóstomo how Don Rafael
Ibarra's death came about.
Governor General (Gobernador Heneral)
● He occupies the second most powerful rank in
the colonial government, second only to the
king Supported Ibarra against Padre Damaso
Represented the typical Governor Generals of
the Philippines who would often disdain the
power that the friars had
Pia Alba
● wife of Capitan Tiago and mother of María
Clara
● A young, healthy and beautiful woman. Very
spiritual woman. By nature, a very merry woman
but she became melancholic when she became
pregnant
● Pia Alba represents the women who had been
abused by the clergy and had been silenced by
their shame.
Doña Consolacíon
● Wife of the Alferez of San Diego
● nicknamed as la musa de los guardias civiles (The
muse of the Civil Guards) or la Alféreza, was a
former laundrywoman who passes herself as a
Peninsular
● Pretends not to know Tagalog and often uses
Spanish words even if she does not know the
meaning
● Symbolizes the Filipinos in our society who are
ashamed of their own race and nationality.
● Abusive treatment towards Sisa
El Alférez or Alperes
● Dona Consolascion’s husband Shares
rivalry with the priest, particularly
Padre Salvi and frequently has violent
fights with his wife Represented the
officials of the state who frequently
had power struggles with Church
officials.
Tiya Isabel
● Capitán Tiago's cousin
● She raised Maria Clara.
Salome
● The sweetheart of Elias
Don Filipo Lino
- vice mayor of the town of San Diego, leader of the liberals.
Padre Manuel Martín
- linguist curate of a nearby town who delivers the sermon during San Diego's fiesta.
Don Rafael Ibarra
- father of Crisóstomo Ibarra. Though he is the richest man in San Diego, he is also
the most virtuous and generous.
These characters were mentioned in the novel, appeared once,
mentioned many times or have no major contribution to the storyline.
Don Pedro Y Don Saturnino Ibarra Sinang
Barramendia
● son of Don Pedro, father ● Maria Clara's friend
● great-grandfather of Crisóstomo
of Don Rafael and ● Crisóstomo Ibarra offered
Ibarra
● grandfather of Crisóstomo half of the school he was
He started the misfortunes of
Ibarra. building
Elias' family.
● He was the one who
● Died of unknown reasons
developed the town of
San Diego.
Iday, Neneng and Capitán Basilio Pedro
Victoria ● abusive husband of Sisa
● Maria Clara's other ● Sinang's father who loves cockfighting.
friends. ● leader of the
conservatives.
These characters were mentioned in the novel, appeared once,
mentioned many times or have no major contribution to the storyline.
Tandáng Pablo Don Saturnino Ibarra Sinang
● son of Don Pedro, father ● Maria Clara's friend
● leader of the tulisanes (bandits),
of Don Rafael and ● Crisóstomo Ibarra offered
● His family was destroyed by the
grandfather of Crisóstomo half of the school he was
Spaniards
Ibarra. building
● He was the one who
developed the town of
San Diego.
Iday, Neneng and El hombre amarillo Lucas
Victoria ● means "yellowish person ● brother of the taong
● Maria Clara's other or Taong Madilaw) madilaw.
friends. ● one of Crisostomo ● He planned a revolution
Ibarra's would-be against the government with
assassins. Ibarra as the leader but was
turned down.
These characters were mentioned in the novel, appeared once,
mentioned many times or have no major contribution to the storyline.
Bruno and Tarsilo Ñor Juan (Ñol Juan) Capitana Tika
● son of Don Pedro, ● Sinang's mother
● pair of brothers whose father
appointed as foreman of ● Wife of Capitan Basilio.
was killed by the Spaniards.
the school to be built by
Ibarra
Albino
Capitana María Elena Sacristán Mayor
● former seminarian who
joined the picnic with
● nationalist woman who ● the one who governs the
Ibarra and María Clara.
● He was later captured defends Ibarra of the altar boys and killed
memory of his father. Crispín for his accusation.
during the revolution.
The Indolence of
the Filipinos
La Indolencia de los Filipinos
The Indolence of the Filipinos;
La Indolencia de los Filipinos
The essay itself originally appeared in the Filipino forthrightly review, La
Solidaridad, of Madrid, in five instalments, running from July 15 to September 15,
1890. It was a continuation of Rizal’s campaign of education in which he sought
by blunt truths to awaken his countrymen to their own faults at the same time that
he was arousing the Spaniards to the defects in Spain’s colonial system that caused
and continued such shortcomings.
“Indolent”
Indolent
idle
lazy
little love for work
lack of activity
Five Parts of La Indolencia de los Filipinos
01 02 03
INDOLENCE DOES EXIST RIZAL'S ANALOGY LITTLE TO NO MORALE
AMONG FILIPINOS
04 05
ECONOMY EDUCATION
EDUCATION AND
AND LIBERTY
LIBERTY
Part 1
INDOLENCE DOES EXIST
AMONG FILIPINOS
Rizal admits that indolence does exist among the Filipinos but it cannot
be attributed to the troubles and backwardness of the country; rather, it
is the effect of the backwardness and troubles experienced by the
country.
“An hours work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious
influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s labor in
a temperate climate."
Part 2 RIZAL'S ANALOGY
The Spaniards the Doctors, Indolence as the sickness and the Filipinos were
the patients.
According to Rizal, one must study the causes of indolence before curing it.
Therefore, causes of indolence and elaboration on the circumstances that
led to it must be dealt with.
Rizal compared indolence to an illness saying that it must properly be
diagnosed before a prescription could be made.
Part 3 LITTLE TO NO MORALE
Implementation of Forced Labor
● Polo y Servicio which mandated Filipino males aged 16 - 60
to work for a 40 day period
● Wars between Spain and other European countries led to the
Filipinos compelled to work at shipyard, roads, and other
public works.
● Filipinos were used as soldiers to fight when the Spaniards
decided to colonize near countries.
● Filipinos had to abandon developing work they excel at such
as agriculture, industry and commerce
Pirate attacks
● Spain did not protect the Filipino people against foreign
invaders and pirates
● Natives were killed, their houses burned and their lands
destroyed
● Filipinos lost interest in cultivating their lands or in
rebuilding the industries affected and became submissive to
the mercy of God.
Galleon Trade
Part 4 ECONOMY
● cut off all previous associations of the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the Middle East
● The Spanish government only used two galleons to trade from Manila to Mexico
● As a result, the small businesses and handicraft industries gradually disappeared
Gambling and Fiestas
● Sugal (Spanish word "to gamble", jugar) indicate that gambling was a foreign concept in the Philippines
before the Spaniards
● Gave their contribution to large number of Fiestas, masses, novenas, processions, rosaries.
● Filipinos were much less lazy before the word miracle was introduced into their language.
Crooked system of Religion
Part 4
● Friars advised their poor parishioners:
○ To stop work in the mines
○ To abandon their commerce
○ To break up their looms and pointing to them that heaven is their only hope
● The Spanish friars taught the native Filipinos that it was easier for a poor man to enter heaven than for a
rich man.
Spanish rules set a bad example
● Officials reported to work at noon and left early, all while doing nothing in line with their duties.
● Spanish women were constantly followed by servants who dressed them and fanned them.
Part 4
Taxes were extremely high (Tributo)
● Majority of what the Filipino workers earned went to the government or to the friars
● This resulted in:
○ Filipinos reduced into slavery or treated as slaves
○ Filipinos compelled to work for the aristocrats benefits
Part 5 EDUCATION AND LIBERTY
Crooked System of Education
● What was taught in schools were repetitive prayers and other things
that could not be used by students to lead the country to progress.
● There were no courses in Agriculture or Industry which were essential
for a developing country.
Lack of national sentiment of unity among Filipinos
● Stigma that Filipino culture was inferior to foreign culture which
compelled humble submission.
● Rizal asked "How is it that the Filipino people, so fond of its customs,
has given up its ancient habits of work, even to the extent of
completely forgetting its past?"
Thank You!
Any Questions?
