ROOF
2 INRODUCTION
A roof is the uppermost part of a building whose main function is to
enclose the space and to protect the same from the effects of
weather elements such as rain, wind, sun, heat and snow.
The basic shapes of roofs are flat, mono-pitched, gabled, hipped,
butterfly, arched and domed.
Roofs constructed of flat sections that are sloped are 2referred to
as pitched roofs (generally if the angle exceeds 10 degrees)
3 The Functional Requirements of a roof
1. Stability;
5. Fire resistance;
2. Strength;
6. Thermal insulation;
3. Weather resistance or
7. Sound insulation;
exclusion of wind, sun or
rain; 8. Provide enclosure for
4. Durability; service; facilities
9. Aesthetics
4
TYPE OF ROOFS
5 Butterfly Roof
The butterfly roof is not a roof style that is widely used.
The style provides plenty of light and ventilation as it provides
options to have large windows due to the high perimeter windows.
It can be effective when it comes to water drainage as it can
centralise the water flow
the cost of install and repair can be expensive due to the
complexity in installing.
6 Flat Roof
Flat roofs are common especially with commercial buildings.
Flat roofs are definitely the most simple roof to build because they
have little to no pitch.
7 Folded Plate Roof
The folded plate roof has limited use in single family homes.
It looks like a series of small gable roofs placed side by side of
each other
8 Pitched Roofs
In the areas of heavy rain falls and snow fall sloping roofs are used.
The slope of the roof shall be more than 10°.
They may have slopes as much as 45° to 60°
The sloped roofs are known pitched roofs.
The sloping roofs are preferred in large spanned structures like
workshops, factory buildings and warehouses.
In all these roofs covering sheets like A.C. sheet, G.I. sheets, tiles,
slates etc. are supported on suitable structures.
9 Pitched Roofs
10 Pitched Roofs Classification
(a) Single roofs
(b) Double or purlin roofs
(c) Trussed roofs.
11 Gable Roof
Gable roof designs are one of the more simple styles when it comes
to roofs.
The gable roof style looks like an inverted/upside down V.
Gable roofs are not ideal for areas with high wind because they
easily can catch the wind much like a sail would
12 A-Frame Roof
This type of roof is very popular for churches, cottages, homes, and
other structures.
The roof acts as both the roof and the walls for a structure
13 Roof Material
Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles are the most commonly used steep
slope/residential roofing material used on roofs.
Asphalt shingles vary in quality and are produced by multiple
manufacturers.
14 Wood Shake
The shake shingle is the inspiration for the modern day asphalt
shingles.
Similar to the asphalt shingle, the wood shake overlaps each other
making the roof or siding weather proof.
A down side to shake is that they often need more maintenance than
newer asphalt or fiberglass shingles.
An upside to shake the unique rustic look they give to a structure.
15 Wood Shake
16 Slate Shingles
These are shingles made out of rock. Slate shingles are created out
of a sedimentary rock.
This rock can be split into thin sheets that are ideal for roofing
shingles
17 Metal
Metal is a very common material used for roofs. There are many
different types of metal roofing systems available.
The types of metal used with available systems varies from zinc to
steel, copper, aluminium, and tin.
18 Tile
Tile is one of the more expensive materials used for roofs.
Although the traditional clay tile is probably the most well known
tile material it is not the only one.
Other materials that are used to create tile products are metal,
concrete, slate, and various synthetic compositions
19 Tile
