Information Systems and

Knowledge Management

PRESENTED BY:
Deepshikha
Sumit malik
Sudhir Lama
 OBJECTIVES
• To distinguish between data, information and
knowledge.
• To understand the importance of global
information systems.
• To explain the nature of decision support system.
• To identify several computerized data archives.
• To explain the significance of internet in business
research.
• To understand the basics of navigating the world
wide web.
 DATA, INFORMATION & KNOWLEDGE

• Data—The raw facts or recorded measures of

certain phenomena.

• Information—A body of facts in a form suitable

for decision making.

• Knowledge—A blend of information, experience

and insights that provides a framework that can be
thoughtfully applied when assessing new
information or evaluating relevant situations.
 Characteristics of Valuable
Information

• Relevance
• Quality
• Timeliness
• Completeness
 Global Information System
• An organized collection of computer
hardware, communication equipment,
software, data, and personnel designed to
capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze,
and immediately display information about
worldwide business activities.

• Example: UNITED PARCEL SERVICE(UPS)

 Decision Support System(DSS)
• A Decision Support System (DSS) is an
umbrella term used to describe any computer
application that enhances the user’s ability to
make decisions.  

• The purpose of a decision support system is to

store data and transform them into organized
information that is easily accessible to
managers.
 DSS process

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

INPUT DATABASE SOFTWARE OUTPUT

• Input: raw and unsummarized data.

• Output: useful information.
 Typical information that a decision support
application might gather and present are:

• Comparative sales figures between one period

and the next,
• Projected revenue figures based on product
sales assumptions
 EXAMPLE---- 7-Eleven in Japan

• NEC computer system linked to cash registers

• Register operators also key in customers’ sex and
estimated age.
• Keeps track of who’s buying what, where and when.
• Effectively manages stock control – especially
important for perishables.
• System also monitors store plant and equipment for
maintenance purposes.
 Components of DSS

Database

Software
 Database
• A database is a collection of raw data arranged
logically and organized in a form that can be stored
and processed by a computer
 Data Warehousing
• Information management term
• The process that allows information from
operational systems to be stored and
organized into separate systems designed for
simple access
 Customer Relationship Management
(CRM)
• Bring together lots of pieces of information
– customer profiles
– sales
– marketing effectiveness/responsiveness
– market trends
• Provides the enterprise with a complete,
dependable, and integrated view of its
customer base.
 Customer Relationship Management
(CRM)
• Management, salespeople, customer service,
and perhaps the customer can directly
– access information e.g. other products a customer
has purchased
– match customer needs with satisfying product
offerings
– remind customers of service requirements
 Software
• Various types of programs that tell computers,
printers, and other hardware what to do
• Software allows managers to combine and
restructure databases, diagnose relationships,
build analytical models, estimate variables,
and otherwise analyze the various databases
 Business Intelligence
• The application of software tools to analyze
data in extensive data warehouses to discover
significant patterns and relationships.
 Four Major Sources of Input For a
Decision Support System
• Internal records
• Proprietary business research
• Business intelligence
• Outside vendors and external distributors
 Internal Records
• Internal records that may become useful
information for managers.
• Accounting reports of sales and inventory
figures, provide considerable data.
• Data about costs, shipments, inventory, sales,
and other aspects of regular operations are
routinely collected and entered into the
computer.
 Outside Vendors And External
Distributors
• Distributors of market information as their
products.
• Many organizations specialize in the collection
and publication of high-quality information.
• e.g. A. C. Nielsen Company provides television
program ratings, audience counts.
 Computerized Data Archives
• Organized and retrievable
• DVD and CD-ROM
• Internet
 On-line Database
Searching Systems
• DIALOG
– ABI/INFORM
– PROMT (The Predicast Overview of Markets &
Technologies)
• DOW-JONES NEWS RETREVIAL
– Business Newsstand
– Historical Market Data Center
• LEXIS-NEXIS
 Types Of Databases
• Bibliographic/text
• Statistical/geographic
• Scanner
• Financial
• Image and video
 Proprietary Research
• Emphasizes the company’s gathering of new
data.
• Not conducted regularly or continuously.
• Projects conducted to study specific company
problems.
 Business Intelligence
• A business intelligence system consists of a
network of sources and regular procedures by
which executives obtain everyday information
about nonrecurring developments in the
external business environment.
 Input Management
• Inputs - all numerical, text, voice, and image
data entered into the decision support system
 Electronic Data Interchange
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the term
used when one company’s computer systems
is integrated directly with another company’s
proprietary computer system.
 Internet
• A worldwide network of computers that
allows users access to information and
documents from distant sources.
• A combination of a worldwide communication
system and the world’s largest library.
 URL
• Uniform resource locator
• Web site address
 World Wide Web (WWW)
• Graphic interface
• 1000s of interconnected pages or documents
 Selected Web Sites
• http://www.usatoday.com
• http://www.businessweek.com
• http://www.adcritic.com
• http://www.ceoexpress.com
• http://www.census.gov
 Home Page -Basic Information Plus
Menu
• http://www2.bus.okstate.edu/zikmund/
 Search Engine
• A computerized directory to search the WWW
• YAHOO -www.yahoo.com
• HOTBOT - www.hotbot.com
• GOOGLE - www.google.com
• DOGPILE - www.dogpile.com
 Push Technology
• Smart agents
• Find information
• Do the searching for you
• Distribute it to desktop
 Smart Agent
• Learns an individual user’s preferences
• Automatically searches out information
• Delivers information to the desktop
 Cookies
• “Magic cookies”
• Small computer files
• Provides saves onto the computer of someone
who visits
• Tracks websites and files visited
 Intranet
• Private data network
• Uses internet standards and technology
• Firewalls for security