DAYCENT Model Overview,

Testing and Application to

Agroecosystems

S.J. DEL GROSSO, W.J. PARTON, D.S.

OJIMA, A.R. MOSIER and C. KEOUGH
 Improved NPP Submodel

Potential Growth
(CO2,T,H2O) Crop
GRAIN
H2O C,N,P,S
Nutrients
Shading
SHOOT SURFACE
C,N,P,S LITTER
Tillage
NPP Temp
Phenology H2O
Nutrient/H2O stress
ROOT SOIL
C,N,P,S LITTER
Temp
H2O

PG = Gpot*F(light)*F(LAI)*F(Temp)*F(H2O)

Del Grosso et al. in prep.

 WATER FLOW SUBMODEL

ATMOS PRECIP ATMOS

Tair Sublimation
SNOW PET
Evap
PET BIOMASS Tair
INTERCEPTION
PET Melting
PET Infiltration
ROOT KSAT
KSAT
H2O 0-1 cm
K SAT hpot

H2O 1-4 cm
OUTFLOW
KSAT hpot

H2O 4-15 cm

KSAT hpot

H2O 15-30 cm
KSAT hpot

K SAT
H2O 145-160 cm
Parton et al. 2001
Parton et al. 2001
coarse
fine

Del Grosso et al. 2000

 Recent Model Improvements

•Variable effective plant rooting depth

•PET = F(Lat, DOY, Tavg, Tmax – Tmin)

•Weekly scheduling of management events

•Germination = F(Tsurface)

•Harvest/Senescence = F(GDD, Tsurface)

•Canopy absorption of NOx emitted from soil

 400 KBS corn/soy/wheat conv till
350

300
grain sim
250 grain obs
-1
gC m yr
-2

200

150

100

50

0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
16
N grain sim
14 N grain obs

12
10
-1
gN m yr
-2

8
6
4
2
0
1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999
 20 KBS DF

15 s im
obs
-1
d
-1

10
Nh
N2Og a

50 K B S P lo w H ig h F e r t

40
-1

30
d

s im
-1

obs
N2OgNha

20

10

0
1 /1 /9 6 7 /1 /9 6 1 2 /3 0 /9 6 6 /3 0 /9 7 1 2 /2 9 /9 7
 350 Corn - CT Irr Fert
300
-1 250 N2O sim
N2O obs
gN ha d
200
-1

150

100

50

0
03/15/02 04/14/02 05/14/02 06/13/02 07/13/02 08/12/02 09/11/02

120 Corn - NT Irr Fert

100

80 N2O sim
-1

N2O obs
gN ha d
-1

60

40

20

0
03/15/02 04/14/02 05/14/02 06/13/02 07/13/02 08/12/02 09/11/02

1500 Soy-Fallow Fert

1000
N2O gN/ha/d

obs N2O
sim N2O
500

0
0 25 50 75 100
days after fert
IPCC Emission Factor Calculations

Direct N2O emissions

Ncult = 0.1 gN m-2 yr-1
Nom = Nsludge + Nmanure
N2Odirect = 1.25%*(Nstuble + Nfert + Nom) + Ncult

Indirect N2O emissions

NH3 + NOx = 0.1Nfert
Nleach = 0.3Nfert
N2Oindirect = 0.01(NH3 + NOx) + 0.025Nleach
 1 mean N2O
observed
0.8 DAYCENT
gN m-2 yr-1

0.6 Emission Factor

0.4

0.2

0
l fa io
n at rn eat le
y rn rn w
fa t e co h r co co llo
al ta wh w ba fa
S ro wa CO TN y/
KB S NE tt a CO CO so
KB O IA

25 mean N leached
20
obs
gN m-2 yr-1

15 DC
10 EF

0
N N rn o
N N N
co at
ow ed gh gh no po
t
n
l m hi hi rn
ea n n rn co
ea ea co
yb yb yb
so so so
r n/ n/ r n/
co r
co co

500 mean grain/hay yields

400

obs
gC m-2 yr-1

300
DC

200

100

0
KBS alfalfa KBS NE wheat Ottawa corn/soy corn corn/potato
rotation corn
 a) 2

1.5
modeled N2O gN m-2 yr-1

y = 0.76x + 0.05
R2 = 0.72
EF
DAYCENT
1
Linear (EF)
Linear (DAYCENT)

y = 0.34x + 0.26
0.5 R2 = 0.63

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-2 -1
observed N2O gN m yr

b) 25

y = 0.97x - 0.13
20 2
R = 0.96
modeled NO3 leached gN m-2 yr-1

EF
15 DAYCENT
Linear (EF)
Linear (DAYCENT)

10

y = 0.47x + 0.95
2
R = 0.74
5

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
-2 -1
observed NO3 leached gN m yr

Fig4
 National GHG Inventory
•Bruce McCarl’s 63 regions

•EPIC soils and daily climate data

•Simulated dominant rotations for each region

•Rain fed and irrigated

•N fertilizer but no manure additions

•Converted model output in gN2O-N m-2 to regional

totals for the dominant crop rotations using state
level planted acres reported by NASS
 25
Major Crop Areas
corn
20
soy
hay
15
millin ha

wheat
cotton
10

0
CEN NE NW SE SW
 Regional Level Validations

600
State Level Grain/Hay Yield Validations

500

400
sim gC m-2 yr-1

300

200
R2 = 0.65
100

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
obs gC m yr-1
-2

100
Grain and Hay Yields
90
80
yield obs
70 yield sim
annual Tg C

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
 Simulated Regional N2O Emissions
25
Direct N2O

20

annual Tg C
15 EF
DC

10

0
CEN NE NW SE SW

9
Indirect N2O
8

6
annual Tg C

5 EF
DC
4

0
CEN NE NW SE SW

30
Total N2O
25

20
annual Tg C

EF
15 DC

10

0
CEN NE NW SE SW
 N2O by Crop
16
Direct N2O
14

12
EF
10
annual Tg C

DC
8

0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat

5
Indirect N2O

EF
annual Tg C

3 DC

0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat
18
Total N2O
15

12 EF
annual Tg C

DC
9

0
corn cotton alfalfa soy wheat
 National N2O and GHGnet
60
N2 O
50

40
annual Tg CO2-C

EF
30 DC

20

10

0
direct Indirect total

20 GHGnet
CO2
CH4
15
N2O
Nfert
annual Tg CO2-C

10 GHGnet

0
CEN NE NW SE SW

-5

40 GHGnet
35
30
25
annual Tg CO2-C

20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
CO2 CH4 N2O Nfert GHGnet
 Area normalized N2O
25 N2O Direct

20
-2
annual gC m

15

10

0
CEN NE NW SE SW

20 N2O indirect
18
16
recent modern cropping
14 pre 1940 management
-2
annual gC m

12 native vegetation
10
8
6
4
2
0
CEN NE NW SE SW

40 N2O total
35
30
-2
annual gC m

25
20
15
10
5
0
CEN NE NW SE SW
 Area normalized GHGnet
40 GHGnet

recent modern cropping

30
pre 1940 management
native vegetation
20
-2
annual gC m

10

-10

-20
CO2 CH4 N2O Nfert GHGnet

EPA vs. DAYCENT N Inputs

12 N inputs
10

8 EPA
-1
Tg N yr

6 DC

0
N fert manure sludge N fix resudue N
 5000 Major Crop Areas wheat
hay
4000
corn
3000 soy
ha

cotton
2000

1000

0
CO KS MT ND NE NM OK SD TX WY

40 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area

30
BAU
20
-1
g CO2-C m yr

IM
10
-2

0
-10
-20
-30
-40
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
10000 Mean GHG fluxes

5000
-1

0
ton CO2-C yr

-5000 BAU
IM
-10000

-15000

-20000
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
 30 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area
25
20
15
wheat/fallow
-1

10
gCO2-C m yr

wheat/corn/fallow
-2

5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet

60 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area

40

20
-1

0
gCO2-C m yr
-2

-20
wheat continuous
-40 corn/soy/wheat
-60
-80
-100
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet
80 Mean GHG fluxes per unit area

60

40
-1
gCO2-C m yr

20
-2

-20 irr corn ct

irr corn nt
-40

-60
del C soil N2O dir N2O ind CH4 Cnet