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Biological Systems and Processes Lesson 14 - Inheritance: KS3 Biology

This document provides a lesson on inheritance and genetics. It includes quick tasks to identify genotypes and phenotypes from given genetic combinations. It also covers Punnett squares to determine the probability of offspring inheriting different traits based on the parents' genotypes. For example, it shows that if a male with brown eyes mates with a female with blue eyes, there is a 0% chance of their child having blue eyes based on the Punnett square. The document provides practice questions to test understanding of monohybrid crosses and Mendelian genetics.

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Max Collins
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293 views13 pages

Biological Systems and Processes Lesson 14 - Inheritance: KS3 Biology

This document provides a lesson on inheritance and genetics. It includes quick tasks to identify genotypes and phenotypes from given genetic combinations. It also covers Punnett squares to determine the probability of offspring inheriting different traits based on the parents' genotypes. For example, it shows that if a male with brown eyes mates with a female with blue eyes, there is a 0% chance of their child having blue eyes based on the Punnett square. The document provides practice questions to test understanding of monohybrid crosses and Mendelian genetics.

Uploaded by

Max Collins
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Biological Systems and Processes - Lesson 14: Inheritance: Introduction to biological inheritance topics covered in Lesson 14, focusing on understanding genetic concepts.
  • Quick Recap: Review questions addressing key concepts related to sex cells and chromosomes.
  • Quick Task 1: Exercises focusing on determining homozygosity or heterozygosity in genotypes for brown and blue eyes.
  • Quick Task 2: Exercises for listing possible genotypes based on given phenotypes for curly and straight hair.
  • Quick Task 3: Tasks for identifying phenotype outcomes based on genotype combinations for purple and white flowers.
  • Punnett Squares Exercise 1: Use Punnett squares to predict the probability of offspring having blue eyes.
  • Punnett Squares Exercise 2: Determine the probability of rabbits having cream fur using Punnett squares.
  • Definitions Match Up: Match genetic terms with their definitions to reinforce understanding.
  • Try These On Your Own: Independent exercises for predicting fur inheritance in mice using diagrams.
  • Check Your Answers: Solutions and explanations for the independent inheritance prediction tasks.
  • Exam Style Question Practice 1: Examine genetic control of tail length in cats with probability and allele considerations.
  • Exam Style Question Practice 2: Continuation of genetic problems related to feline tail traits with probability explanations.

Biological Systems and Processes

Lesson 14 - Inheritance
KS3 Biology

Miss Hindle

1
Quick Recap...

1. State the names of the male and female sex cells...


Sperm And Egg
2. How many chromosomes in a sex cell? 23
3. How many chromosomes does each parent pass on to their offspring? 23
4. How many chromosomes would be found in the body cell of the offspring? 46
5. What is a small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein called? Gene

2
Quick Task...
For each genotype, state whether the combination is homozygous or
heterozygous and then identify the phenotype.

Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b)


Homozygous or
Genotype Phenotype
heterozygous?
homozygous
BB Brown eyes
homozygous
Bb Brown eyes
homozygous
bb Blue eyes
3
Quick Task...
For each phenotype given below, list the possible genotypes.

Curly hair (S) is dominant to straight (s)

Homozygous or
Phenotype Genotype
heterozygous?
Curly hair homozygous SS
Curly hair heterozygous Ss
Straight hair homozygous ss

4
Quick Task...
For each genotype, state whether the combination is homozygous or
heterozygous and then identify the phenotype.

Purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p)


Homozygous or
Genotype Phenotype
heterozygous?
homozygous purple flowers
BB
heterozygous purple flowers
Bb
homozygous White flowers
bb
5
Punnett Squares
If a male with brown eyes (BB) has babies with a female with blue eyes (bb), what is
the probability of their child having blue eyes?

B – brown eyes (dominant) b – blue eyes (recessive)

Results:
Biological Father’s Alleles Brown x 4

B B Chance of having blue eyes =


Biological 0/4 or 0%
Mother’s b Bb Bb
Alleles
b Bb Bb

6
Punnett Squares
A male grey (Gg) rabbit has babies with a female cream rabbit (gg).
What is the probability of their babies having cream fur?

Results:
Cream x 2
Biological Father’s Alleles
Chance of having cream fur =
G g 2/4 or 50%
Biological
Mother’s g Gg gg
Alleles
g Gg gg

7
Definitions match up!
- Match up the keywords to their definitions

1. Allele
a) The physical characteristic that is displayed.

2. Homozygous
b) Alleles for a characteristic are the DIFFERENT

3. Heterozygous
c) Alleles for a characteristic are the SAME

4. Genotype d) Different versions of the same gene

5. Phenotype e) The genetic make up - the pair of alleles

8
Mother
Try these on your own
1. Complete the diagram to show the chance of the
baby mouse inheriting black fur (black is
b b
dominant - B)
2. Draw a diagram to show the chance of the baby
B

Father
mouse inheriting black fur if the mother has
brown fur (bb) and the dad has black fur (Bb) B
3. Draw a diagram to show the chance of the baby
mouse inheriting black fur if both parents have
black fur (Bb)

9
Mother
Check your answers:
b b
1. 100% chance of black fur
2. 50% chance of brown fur, 50% chance of black B Bb Bb

Father
fur
3. 75% chance of black fur, 25% chance of brown
B Bb Bb
fur
Mother
Mother
b b B b
B Bb Bb B BB Bb
Father

Father
b bb bb b Bb bb
10
Exam Style Question Practise...

In cats, a single gene controls tail length.


T= long tail, t=short tail.
1) If a heterozygous cat is crossed with a homozygous short tailed cat, show the probable
offspring.
2) If they had a litter of 12 kittens, how many would you expect to have short tails?
3) Explain why this may not be the case
4) Explain, with the aid of a punnett square, how two long tailed cats could have short tailed
offspring.

11
Exam Style Question Practise...

In cats, a single gene controls tail length.


T = long tail, t = short tail.
1) If a heterozygous cat is crossed with a homozygous short tailed cat, show the probable
offspring.

Heterozygous cat Results:


Long x 2
T t Short x 2
Homozygous cat Chance of having short tail = 2/4 or
t Tt tt 50%
Chance of having long tail = 2/4 or
t Tt tt 50%

12
Exam Style Question Practise...

In cats, a single gene controls tail length.


T= long tail, t=short tail.

2) If they had a litter of 12 kittens, how many would you expect to have short tails?
50% chance short = 50% of 12 = 6
3) Explain why this may not be the case

Because this shows the probability - it isn't guaranteed. Fertilisation is


random

13

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