LOGO
TONISITAS
Dr. apt. Yoga Windhu Wardhana
Tekanan OSMOSIS
TONUS
SEL DARAH MERAH
KERUSAKAN SEL akibat TONISITAS
Mengapa larutan harus ISOTONI
blood
no swelling
eye
nasal used with
isotonic when in
contact with no contraction
tract solutions tissues
√ other
body no discomfort
fluids
Isotoni = Isoosmotik antara larutan & cairan sel cegah kerusakan/ cacat
pada sel
OSMOLARITY
Osmolaritas Tonisitas
> 0.350 Hipertonis
0.329-0.350 sedikit hipertonis
0.270 – 0.328 Isotonis
0.250 – 0.269 Sedikit hipotonis
0- 0.249 Hipotonis
PRINSIP PERHITUNGAN ISOTONI
Class I
Adding substace to lower f.p of solution to -0.52º
1. Freezing point depression (FPD) “cryoscopic method”.
2. NaCl equivalent method (0.9% w/v NaCl).
3. Liso methods
Class II
Adding H2O
4. White –Vincent method
Haemolytic Method : undefined solution data
CLASS I
Cryoscopic methods (= penurunan titik beku)
0.52W%
a= conc. gm/100 ml of adjusting substance
w% a = ∆Tf of 1% of unadjusted subst.(table) x percentage strength
b
w% = 0 (isotoni); w% = + (Hipotoni) b = ∆Tf of 1% of adjusting substance (table)
NaCl Equivalent
PSA = 0.9 – (PSM x Eof medicament) Eof medicament = Na Cl equivalent of a
drug is the amount of NaCl that is
PSM = Percent strength of medicament
equivalent to 1 gram of the drug
PSA = Percent of sodium chloride for adjustment of isotonicity
Liso Methods ∆Tf = Liso x C C = Solution concentration in Molarity
CLASS I
Liso Methods
17 Liso(drug)
E NaCl
M.wt drug
Class II
Adding Water – White–Vincent method
V = W x E x 111.1
V = volume of water needed to make isotonic solution
W = given weight of drug in grams
E = NaCI equivalent value of drug
Haemolytic Method
VOLUME
ISO toni Tube A = Tube B
HIPER toni Tube A > Tube B
A B Hipo toni Tube A < Tube B
Tube A = Isotonic Solution (RBC + NaCl fisiologis)
Tube B = Sample solution (RBC + Sample Solution)
CONTOH SOAL
CRYOSCOPIC METHODS
R/ Methadon HCL 10 mg
mf. Isot. C. NaCl ad. 10 ml
a = 0,101 (PTB Methadon HCl)
b = 0,576 (PTB. NaCl)
Maka NaCl yang diperlukan supaya larutan isotonis adalah ..
C Methadon HCL = 10 mg/10 ml 0,100 gram / 100 ml 0,1% b/v
W% = 0,52 – b1C/ PTB2
Agar isotonis, maka W% = 0,52 – (0,1 x 0,101 / 0,576) = 0,885243
Jadi bobot NaCl yang masih diperlukan untuk tiap 100 cc = 0,885243 gram,
maka untuk 10 cc , bobot NaCl yang masih diperlukan adalah = 0,0885243 gram ≈
0,088 gram
NaCl Equivalent
Contoh Soal :
Bila 0,76 gram NaCl harus ditambahkan ke
dalam 100 ml 1 % b/v larutan Atropin
Cara B :
Sulfat supaya isotonis, maka larutan W% = 0,9/100 x [V - ( B x E )]
Atropin Sulfat isotonis adalah
Cara A E Atropin sulfat = 0,900 - 0,760 = 0,140 ; dan
E Atropin sulfat = 0,900 - 0,760 = 0,140 volume 100 ml
Dengan rumus bhw jika isotonis =
Artinya 1 gram Atropin sulfat ~ 0,14 gram
NaCl (dalam 100 ml) 0,9/100 x 100 = W x 0,140
Jadi untuk larutan isotonis 0,9 gram NaCl W = 0,9/0,140= 6,43
dalam 100 ml ekivalen dengan 0,9/0,14 x 1 Jadi larutan Atropin Sulfat isotonisnya
gram Atropin sulfat = 6,43 gram/100 cc = adalah 6,43 gram dalam 100 ml atau
6,43 % b/v 6,43 % b/v
NaCl Equivalent
R/Procaine HCL 1,0 E Procaine HCL = 0,24
Chlorbutanol 0,5 E Chlorbutanol = 0,18
NaCl qs ad isot
Aquadest ad 100 ml
NaCl yang diperlukan untuk resep diatas
W% = 0,9 / 100 V – ( (B1 x E1) + (B2 x E2) )
= 0,9 / 100 x 100 – ( 1 x 0,24 + 0,5 x 0,18 )
=0,9 - ( 0,24 + 0,09 ) = 0,9 - 0,33 = 0,57
Jadi bobot NaCl yang masih diperlukan adalah 0,57 gram
Metode Liso
ΔTf = Liso x C dalam mol ( )
R/ pilokarpin nitrat 1 % L iso = 3,7 BM = 272
NaCl q.s.
m.f. larutan isotonis 10 mL
Berapa NaCl yang dibutuhkan berdasarkan metode Liso ?
JAWABAN ΔTf = 3,7 x (0,1 x1000) : (272 x10) = 0,14
Contoh pilokarpin nitrat 1 % @10 mL Selisih penurunan ΔTf = 0,52-0,14 = 0,38
BM 272, harga Liso 3,7 isotonis univalen NaCl yang ditambahkan
ΔTf = Liso x C dalam mol ( ) 0,38/0,576x 1% = 0,66%
Larutan 10 mL memerlukan
0,66 % x 10 = 0,066 g
White–Vincent method
Principle : 1st Addition of H2O to drug to make it isotonic
2nd addition of isotonic vehicle to bring solution to final volume
Suppose preparing 30ml of 1% drug isotonic with body
fluid (ENaCl =0.16gm)
v w E NaCl 111 .1
1 gm 100ml
? 30ml = 0.3gm v 0.3 0.16 111 .1
Amount of NaCl eq. to 0.3 drug v 5.3ml
= 0.3 x 0.16 =0.048gm
0.9 gm 100 ml
0.048 gm ? ml = 5.3 ml
White–Vincent method
Hitung volume isotonik dari 0,55 g Efedrin HCl (0,3) dan 0,1 g
glucosa (0,17) ?
V isot = [Σ W . E] x 111,1 mL
= [ Σ (0,3x0,55)+(0,17x0,1)] x 111,1 mL
= [0,165+0,017] x 111,1 mL
= 0,182 x 111,1 mL
= 20,22 mL dibulatkan 20 mL.
Jadi zat-zat tadi bila dilarutkan dlm air ad 20 mL akan isotonik.
ThanX
