VALUES

VALUES
• customs or qualities within a
society that are regarded in a
particular way as guiding
principles for behavior and action.
• a person’s sense of right and
wrong or what “ought” to be.
• tend to influence attitudes and
behavior.
The Essence of Values
*VALUES comes from the Latin
word “valere” which means to measure
the worth of something.

*Values are the elements of life

prevailing in any society.
Max Scheler (1874-1928) is the foremost exponent of
Axiology. Axiology is defined as the philosophical science
of values.

“Acts reveal the person’s value

preferences. Like a prism that
reflects the invisible spectrum of
colors, a person’s acts manifest his
invisible order of values.” (Philosophy
Today, 1989)
1. Character Values

Character values are the universal

values that you need to exist as a good
human being. They are also the core
characteristics that employers look for
when hiring. Examples of character
values include: commitment, loyalty,
positive attitude, and respect.
2. Work Values

Work values are values that help you

find what you want in a job and give you
job satisfaction. It is especially
important to understand what your work
values are in order to thrive
professionally. Examples of work values
are: hands-on, public contact, prestige,
and stability.
3. Personal Values

Personal values are values that help

you define what you want out of life
and will assist you in being happy and
fulfilled. They are the guiding
principles of your life.
Eg:- trustworthiness, respect,
responsibility, fairness, caring .
Human relationships are based on
one’s personal and organizational
values.

Personal Corporate
Human relationships
Values Values

Values that Composite of

individuals personal
hold and allow values, and
to guide their more; that is,
activities the sum of all
including work the parts is
greater than the
individuals
 Honest
 Is refraining
y from lying,
cheating, or stealing;
 It is being truthful, trustworthy,
and sincere.
Giving a fair
day’s work for a

fair day’s
pay…
 Integrit
y
 The willingness to take charge, be decisive,
and suffer the consequences of defeat-
accepting the blame when things go wrong.
Integrity is not a
conditional word. It doesn’t
blow in the wind or change
with the time weather. It is
your inner image of yourself,
and if you look in there and see
a man who
won’t cheat, then he
 Workplace
Honesty
If you are concerned about
ethics, dishonesty, and crime in the
workplace,
the best thing you can dois promote
programs, ideas and a workplace
environment encourage a healthy
thatthe organization…People
to
who identify with the organization are less
commitment
likely to steal from it or to engage in
behavior that harms it.
 Loyalt
 Being aware
y

 having the foresight to appreciate

and involve employees
 rewarding and being responsive to
employee needs
 is a two-way street-who
on the street is not as
 Mutual Trust/Mutual
Respect
Dominating factors in achieving the
proper balance between employers
and employees.
Cornerstones of employees’
relationships
 The key to effective teamwork

 Must be earned and developed

 Commitment and
Renewal
Commitment
 Allowing people to do things on their own
willingly
 a two-way
street
 Quality and
Services
 A commitment to improved quality and doing
things right
 Being nice to customers/clients
 Showing and acting upon real,
 substantial concern for employees

 and providing real, substantive service

for customers/clients
Moral values
Moral Values are the worthy principles
that one follows to distinguish the
right from the wrong. These virtues
are considered worthy in building up
the character of an individual. Moral
Value refers to the good virtues such
as honesty, integrity, truthfulness,
helpfulness, love, respectfulness, hard-
work, etc.
Characteristics of Moral Values

1. A value becomes moral because it is recognized as

reasonable and freely chosen by a human person.
[Link] values are pre-eminent over other human
values.
[Link] values are absolute. Independent of other
values and preferred for their own sake.
[Link] values are universal and necessary for
everyone.
5. Moral values are obligatory.
The Metaphysics of Moral
Values
[Link] our experience the good appears
as an analogous concept to the
various grades of beings.
[Link] good as perfective of a subject
is object of desire (thing-to-person
relationship).
3. Dynamism of the Good.
 Man has two-fold tendency:

[Link] tendency to the good

(will as object) and
[Link] moral choice of what is
reasonable (will as reason).
Knowledge of Values

1. A value is immediately felt or

experienced before it is known and
explained. Pre-philosophical
knowledge precedes
philosophical, reflective
knowledge.
Two ways of knowing value:

[Link] real or experiential

knowledge.
[Link] notional or conceptual
knowledge.
2. What is the source of our moral
ideal, i.e., what we should do
become to be fully human?
 The moral ideal in us is both present
(we are human) and absent (the fullness
of human life is still to be realized).

Hence, the moral ideal is a task of a

lifetime. It is our vocation to exist as
fully as possible as human persons.
Value is not simply the good
but it is an added aspect of the
[Link] value makes a
man, through his human
actions, good simply as a
human person.
Phenomenological Givenness in
Intentional Feeling
1. A value is immediately felt in experience
before its object is known. Values are given
to the intentional feeling immediately, as
colors are to sight or sounds are to
listening.
Value feelings must be strictly distinguished
from feelings which are not intentional.
Since values like
lovely, charming, noble, courageous, are
felt, we can speak of them as the first
messengers of the special nature of all
The prior givenness of values
pertains both to the psychic and
the physical. Values are not
qualities of things, nor do all good
and noble things have common
properties, for one single act or
one individual can comprehend a
real value.
2. Values are always exhibit a
specific content. Their content and
the ordered ranks (higher and lower
values) among them posses a
priority of givenness in the order of
experience because value-feeling
is prior to a given thing.
 In the order of reality, values and
things form an insoluble interconnection.
And finally, in the order of
essence, values are independent of
being.

Values do not change with changing

objects.
All kinds of values form an
absolute
order and they are immutable.