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Determination of Wavelength of Light by Using Plane Transmission Grating

This document describes an experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light using a plane transmission grating. The experiment involves mounting a sodium vapor lamp, grating, and spectrometer. Light from the sodium lamp is diffracted by the grating and the angles of diffraction are measured. Using the grating equation, the wavelength is calculated from the diffraction angles for the first and second orders. The calculated wavelengths of 5889.3 angstroms and 5935.8-5939.1 angstroms agree well with the standard values of 5890 angstroms and 5896 angstroms for sodium light.

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Tarun Gangadhar
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1K views10 pages

Determination of Wavelength of Light by Using Plane Transmission Grating

This document describes an experiment to determine the wavelength of sodium light using a plane transmission grating. The experiment involves mounting a sodium vapor lamp, grating, and spectrometer. Light from the sodium lamp is diffracted by the grating and the angles of diffraction are measured. Using the grating equation, the wavelength is calculated from the diffraction angles for the first and second orders. The calculated wavelengths of 5889.3 angstroms and 5935.8-5939.1 angstroms agree well with the standard values of 5890 angstroms and 5896 angstroms for sodium light.

Uploaded by

Tarun Gangadhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DETERMINATION OF

WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT
BY USING
PLANE TRANSMISSION
GRATING
MADE BY:- [Link] GANGADHAR
BATCH:- U3
ROLL NO:- U071
AIM : To determine wavelength of sodium light by using plane

transmission grating.

APPARATUS : Sodium vapour lamp, grating, spectrometer, reading lens

etc.

FORMULA : (a+b) sin Ɵ = nλ

where (a+b) is the grating element

Ɵ is angle of diffraction

n is the order of diffraction

λ is the wavelength of sodium vapour lamp


PROCEDURE :
FOR NORMAL INCIDENCE
[Link] spectrometer is adjusted for parallel rays

[Link] width of slit is properly adjusted and the image of the slit is obtained
on the vertical crosswire .The telescope is locked in this position. The prism
table is rotated and reading from the windows is made exactly 0 degree. The
reading from another window is 180 degree.

3. The telescope is now unlocked and rotated through 90⁰ and then fixed

4. The grating is now mounted on the prism table and it is adjusted such that
the reflected image of the slit coincides with the vertical crosswire.

5. The prism table is then rotated through 45⁰ in such a way that the light
falls normally on the grating. The prism table is fixed in this position.
FOR ANGLE OF DIFFRACTION
1. The telescope is unlocked. It is brought in line with the collimator.

The 0th order image is observed.

2. The telescope is rotated so as to receive 2nd order image on the L.H.S

in the field of view. Readings on both the sides of the windows are

noted.

3. Then the telescope is rotated and the 1st order image is made

coincident with the vertical crosswire. Reading is noted from both the

windows.

4. The same procedure is repeated for the 1st and 2nd order on R.H.S
OBSERVATION TABLE :

For direct reading


[Link]. W1 W2
MSR VSR TR MSR VSR TR

1) 268 12 268.2 88 18 88.3


For angle of diffraction
Order L.H.S R.H.S
(degree) (degree) 2θ θ
W1 W2 W1 W2

M V T M V T M V T M V T

250 30 250.5 69.5 3 69.55 290.5 11 290.5 110.5 17 110.78 40.705 20.3525
n=1
n=2 226 3 226.05 46 11 46.18 315 16 315.26 135 20 135.13 89.08 44.54

y1
226 5 226.08 46 13 46.21 315 18 315.13 135 22 135.34 89.09 44.545
n=2

y2
CALCULATIONS :

We know ,

2θ(W1)=T.R(L.H.S OF W1) - T.R(R.H.S OF W1)


2θ(W2)=T.R(L.H.S OF W2) - T.R(R.H.S OF W2)
2θm = 2θ(W1)+ 2θ(W2)/2
(a+b)sinθm =n λ
grating element (a+b)=15000 lines/inch
and 1 inch=2.54 cm=>(a+b)=2.54/15000
a+b=1.693x 10^-4 cm

 Here for n=2 : y1= using the formula (a + b)sinθ=nλ


1.693x 10^-4 * sin (44.54⁰)=2 λ
Λ=5935.8 A⁰
 Here for n=2 : y2= using the formula (a + b)sinθ=nλ
1.693x 10^-4 * sin (45.545⁰)=2 λ
Λ=5939.1 A⁰
 Here for n=1: using the formula (a + b)sinθ=nλ
1.693x 10^-4 * sin (20.3525⁰)= λ
Λ=5889.3 A⁰
RESULTS :

The wavelength of sodium light are tabulated below


Color ₀ Std Value
Wavelength (A ) ₀
(A )

1st order 2nd order

Yellow 1 5889.3 5935.8 5890


Yellow 2 5889.3 5939.1 5896

PRECAUTIONS :
[Link] table should be properly leveled.

[Link] should be handled properly.

[Link] table should not be disturbed throughout the experiment after

adjusting the grating for normal incidence.


THANK YOU

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