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Sediment Control Strategies for Canals

This document discusses sediment control in canals. It notes that canals often have smaller slopes than the parent streams they take off from, which can lead to sediment deposition in the canals. Some sediment is tolerable, but coarse sediment needs to be controlled. Methods of sediment control include building large reservoirs on streams to trap sediment before it reaches canals. Headworks used on perennial streams typically include weirs, sluices, and regulators, but sediment still often enters canals, requiring removal which is expensive. Favorable locations for headworks are on outside bends in rivers to minimize incoming sediment loads.

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Vivek Kumar
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625 views4 pages

Sediment Control Strategies for Canals

This document discusses sediment control in canals. It notes that canals often have smaller slopes than the parent streams they take off from, which can lead to sediment deposition in the canals. Some sediment is tolerable, but coarse sediment needs to be controlled. Methods of sediment control include building large reservoirs on streams to trap sediment before it reaches canals. Headworks used on perennial streams typically include weirs, sluices, and regulators, but sediment still often enters canals, requiring removal which is expensive. Favorable locations for headworks are on outside bends in rivers to minimize incoming sediment loads.

Uploaded by

Vivek Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Sediment Control in Canals

Guidence:- Dr. R.V Raikar

By:-
Anil Kumar Pandey
8th sem civil(B.E)
[Link] college of engineering and
technology
Introduction:-
One of the major problem in the design of irrigation works and hydroelecric
schems is the control of sediment entering irrigation and power canals. The
slope of an irrigation canal taking off from the head works is usually smaller
than that of parent strem, to enable water to reach the points above the
stream where irrigation isrequired. Such a decrease in slope is required in the
case of power canals also to obtain head for power generation. If heavy
sediment load enters the canals, the canal will be unable to transport the entire
load with such a small slope and part of the load will be deposited in the canals
itself.
A certain amount of fine sediment can always be tolerated in
irrigation as well as power canals. Presence of fine sediment can always be
tolerated in irrigation as well as power canals. Presence of fine sediment may
even be desirable in the case of irrigation canals, since part of it gets deposited
on irrigated lands, thereby increasing their fertility. It is necessary to keep the
amount of coarse sediment carried by the canal to as low as possible.
In case of power canals all the coarse material detrimenal to the life of
turbine blades must be removed. The abrasive sand in sarda canal(india)water
was responsible for the wearing out of the turbine blades of khatima power
house.
The Effects of deposition of coarse
sediment on the performance of
Irrigation canals are:-
Water supply for irrigation has to be stopped occasionally for clearing the
sediment from the canals.
 Removal of deposited material is quite expensive.
 With the silting up of the canal, its capacity and command decrease.
 Silting encourages weed groth in the canals.
 In an irrigation-cum-navigation canal, the deposition of sediment reduces
the draft.
Methods of sediment control:-

Sediment entering a canal can be controlled in a variety of ways. A large storage


reservoir built on the stream automatically traps all coarser fractions of sediment
and a large percentage of finer fractions. A canal supplied from such a reservoir
will therefore have water which is free from sediment. While such a reservoir is
usually constructed across nonperennial rivers normally envisages the
construction of low weir or a barrage to control the water level and diverts the
flow in to the canal. A typical headworks used on perennial streams in India. It
consist of a weir or a barrage, scouring sluices( also called undersluices), divide
wall, fish ladder and canal head regulator. The lake upstream of such barrages
does not trap much sediment load and the canal is likely to be heavily charged
with sediment. However, attempts are usually made to locate and construct the
headworks in such a manner that the amount of sediment load entering the canal
is small. A favourable location for the head regulator from sediment consideration
is on the outside of a river bend.

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