GUIDED BY : PRESENTED BY :
Ar. Swapna Dhawale Saswati Tapan Das
Shifa Zia
Shweta Palasuledesai
INTRODUCTION
Paints are liquid composition of pigment & binders which
when applied to the surface in thin coats dry to form a solid
film to impart the surface a decorative finish ,apart from
giving protection to the base material (i.e., concrete ,masonry
form & plaster surface) weathering, corrosion ,& other
chemical & biological attacks .Panting on surface imparts
decoration ,sanitation & improved illumination.
An ideal paint should possess the following characteristics;
1) Paint should form hard & durable surface
2) It should give attractive appearance
3) It should be cheap & readily available
4) It should be such that it can be applied easily to
the surfaces
5) It should have good spreading quality ,so as to cover
maximum area in minimum quantity
6) It should dry in reasonable time
7) It should not show hair cracks on drying .
8) It should form film of uniform color , on drying .
9) It should be stable for a longer period.
10) It should not be affected by atmospheric agencies.
1)Wall
2)Metals surfaces
3)Wood
4)Plastered surfaces
5)Textured surfaces
6)Plastic surfaces & etc.
It can be given by different sorts of
brushes like the textured brush, roller
brush & etc. when the surface it self is
textured then there is no need of such
things . Now a days machines are available
for giving the textures to the surfaces
A base
A vehicle or carrier
A drier
A colouring pigment
A solvent or thinner
A base is the solid substance in a form of fine powder,
forming the bulk of a paint. It is generally a metallic oxide.
The type of base determines the character of the paint and
imparts durability of surface painted. Various bases
commonly used are:
(1)White lead
(2)Red lead
(3) Oxide of zinc
(4)Oxide of Iron
(5)Titanium white
(6)Antimony white
(7)Aluminum Powder
These are liquid substances which hold the
different ingredients of a paint in liquid
suspension. The vehicles generally in use are
1 various forms of linseed oils
2 Tug oil
3 Poppy oil
4 nut oil
They are used to accelerate process of
drying and hardening,by extracting
oxygen from the atmosphere and
transferring it to
the vehicle. However driers reduces the
elasticity of the paint they should not be
used in the final coat. They may be in the
form of soluble driers or paste driers.
SOLVENTS
Solvents are added to the paint to make it thin so that
it can be easily applied on surfaces. It also helps the
paint in penetrating through the porous surfaces of the
background. The thinning agent commonly used is the
spirit of turpentine
TYPE OF PAINT THINNER
1 Oil paints a) Spirit of turpentine,
naphtha, benzene
2 Spirit of liquors b) Alcohol
3 Cellulose paints c) Ethyl amyl acetate
4 Distempers d) water
They are added to the base to have different desired colours.
They can be divided into the following divisions
(1)NATURAL COLOURS : Ochre's, umbers, iron oxide
(2) CALCINED COLOURS : Lamp black , Indian red ,red lead
(3) PRECIPITATES : Prussian blue, chrome green,
chrome yellow
(4) LAKES : Prepared by discolouring barytes or
china clay with the help of suitable dyes
The colour wheel has 6 basic hues
and shows the exact relationship
between colour of the spectrum
starting from dark (at the center)
spreading out to light (at the
periphery).Colours are divided into
cool and warm, with cool colours
being green,blue and violet, while
warm colours are usually red,orange
and yellow
(1) ALUMINIUM PAINTS
(2) ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS
(3) ASBESTOS PAINTS
(4) BITUMINOUS PAINTS
(5) BRONZE PAINTS
(6) CASEIN PAINTS
(7) CELLULOSE PAINTS
(8) CEMENT BASED PAINTS
(9) COLLOIDAL PAINTS
(10) EMULSION PAINTS
(11) ENAMAL PAINTS
(12) GRAPHITE PAINTS
(13) INODOROUS PAINTS
(14) OIL PAINTS
(15) PLASTIC PAINTS
(16) SILICATE PAINTS
(17) SYNTHETIC RUBBER PAINTS
This is a special –purpose paint used for painting surfaces
which are exposed to acidic gases & steam & also for patch
work &stopping the leakage in metal roofs . Also used for
painting GUTTERS ,POUTS , FLASHING , etc. to protect them
from rusting.
These paints are prepared by dissolving asphalt , tar or mineral
pitches in naphtha ,petroleum or white spirit it gives
black appearance ,& deteoriates when exposed to the direct sun
rays
Used to protect metal surfaces from advers effects of moisture ,
fumes, acids ,corrosives chemical revages of rough weather.
Consist of oil & a strong drier & a coloring mixed with very fine
sand . It last longer.
It is a special purpose paint used for painting surfaces
exposed to acidic gases & steam & also for patch work for
leaking of metal roofs . It is also used for painting GUTTERS,
POUTS , FLASHINGS , etc . It protect them from rusting.
Used for painting interiors & exteriors of metallic surfaces .
Because of its high reflective property ,they are used on
radiators.
Caesien is a protein substance taken from milk curd ,is mixed
with a base consisting of white pigments , to form paint
which is available in powder or in pasty form . Can be applied
on walls , ceiling ,wall boards.etc.
It is different from the ordinary oil paints. It is prepared from
nitrogen-cotton, celluloid sheets, photographic films & amyl-
acetate substitutes. The paint hardens the evaporating of
thinner or solvent, while oil paints harden by oxidation. Due to
its high cost it is used for painting motor cars, aeroplanes etc.
This paint is a type of water paint in which white or color d
cement forms the base. No oil is used. It is available in
powdered form, consisting of cement, pigment, accelerator and
other additives . it is readily made by mixing water to the
powder to obtain thick smooth paste & then diluting it to
the required consistency.
It contains four basic constituents-(1) metallic oxides ,
(2) oil,
(3) petroleum spirit ,
(4) resinous.
It dries slowly ,but on drying it produces a hard ,impervious
,glossy ,elastic smooth & durable film .the panted surface is not
affected by acids , alkalis , fumes of gases hot & cold water etc.
It consist two principal constituents: a base & a vehicle .
However a coloring pigment is also used . Vehicles mostly used
are linseed oil, boiled linseed oil ,linseed oil pale boiled ,tug
oil .Based used are white lead ,red lead ,zinc white , lithophone
& titanium oxides .they are generally used in three coats : prime
coat ,under coat, finishing coats. They are esiley available in
market &mostly used.
It contains plastic as abase which for ms the main constituent
of paint . It has the property of quick drying, high covering
power & decorative appearance. Plastic emulsion paint are
liquid having fine suspended particles of a substance, is
composed of a plasic compound such as vinyl acetate & acrylate
which are held in water.
It contains binding materials like polyvinyl, lacetate , styrene
,alkyd resin & other synthetic resins . Paint dries quickly within
1 & ½ to 2 hrs it has good work ability. This surface can be
washed with water.
It contains white lead or zinc white mixed with methlyed
spirit . It dries very quickly , due to evaporation of methlead
spirit ,leaving behind a thin film of shellac .No turpentine is
used.
It has black color,& mostly used for painting iron surfaces hich
come in contact with ammonium cloride , sulphur gases .also
used for mines.
It is prepared by mixing calcined & finally ground silica with
resinous substances. Silica imparts good adhesion to paint. It
can withstand extreme heat
These paints consist of synthetic resins dissolved in appropriate
solvents and mixed with suitable pigments. The paint has
excellent acid, alkali & moisture resistant properties. It dries
quickly, uniform color is maintained.
1) Sand the surface with sand or emery paper & wipe clean the
surface
2) Apply the first coat of primer –depending upon the surface
choose the appropriate primer.
3) Allow it to dry for 6-8 hrs . smoothen the surface by filling
dents with thin coats of thin putty & allow drying for
again6-8 hrs.
4) Sand the surface& wipe clean.
5) Now again apply a coat of primer.
6) Now apply a thin coat of paint & allow the layer to dry.
7) Apply the second coat with in 8 hrs of the previous one.
BERGER:-Bison super acrylic distemper &acrylic emulsion,
Luxol gold hi-closs enamel & satin enamel ,
Satin splendour & walmasta antifungal emulsion ,
Rangoli fashion easy clean emulsion & exclusive acrylic
emulsion , weather coat all guard & smooth
emulsion.
ASINPAINTS:-Utsav enemal,distemper,emulsion smooth ,acrylic
distemper , synthetic distemper
NEROLAC:-imperssion hi-performance , satin enemal,synthetic enamal .
(1)BLISTERING: It is the defect caused due to the formation of bubbles
under the film of paint.
(2)BLOOM:In this defect, dull patches are formed on finished polished
surface
(3)CRAWLING OR SAGGING:This defect occurs due to the application of
too thick a paint
(4)FADING:This is the gradual loss of colour of paint due to the effect of
sunlight on pigment of the paint
(5)FLAKING:This is the dislocation or loosening of some portion of the
painted surface,resulting from poor adhesion.
(6)FLASHING:It is the formation of glossy patches on the painted
surface,resulting from bad workmanship,cheap paint or weather action.
(7)GREENING:This defect is caused when the final coat does not have
sufficient opacity so that background is clearly seen.
(8)RUNNING:This defect occurs when the surface to be painted is too
smooth.Due to this,the paint runs back and leaves a small areas of the
surface uncovered.
(9)SPONIFICATION:This is the formation of soap patches on the painted
surface due to chemical action of alkalies.
