Scribd
Upload
533 views17 pages

LEUKEMIA Project

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells. There are two main types - acute leukemia, which progresses rapidly, and chronic leukemia, which progresses more slowly. Leukemia occurs when blood stem cells in the bone marrow develop mutations and multiply uncontrollably instead of maturing into normal blood cells. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, and swollen lymph nodes or spleen. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies. While leukemia was often fatal in the 1970s, survival rates have greatly improved with current treatments.

Uploaded by

Nayak Alok Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
533 views17 pages

LEUKEMIA Project

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase in white blood cells. There are two main types - acute leukemia, which progresses rapidly, and chronic leukemia, which progresses more slowly. Leukemia occurs when blood stem cells in the bone marrow develop mutations and multiply uncontrollably instead of maturing into normal blood cells. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, and swollen lymph nodes or spleen. Treatment depends on the type of leukemia but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, or targeted therapies. While leukemia was often fatal in the 1970s, survival rates have greatly improved with current treatments.

Uploaded by

Nayak Alok Ranjan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LEUKEMI

A Also known as Blood Cancer


What is Leukemia?
Leukemia, a cancer of the blood-forming
tissues characterized by a large increase in
the numbers of white blood cells
(leukocytes) in the circulation or bone
marrow.
How it occurs?
•Blood has three types of cells: white blood cells that
fight infection, red blood cells that carry oxygen, and
platelets that help blood to clot.
•Every day, billions of new blood cells are made in the
bone marrow -- most of them red cells. But when you
have leukemia, your body makes more white cells than it
needs.

•There are two main types of white blood cells in your


body: lymphoid cells and myeloid cells. Leukemia can
happen in either type.
MECHANISM
Leukemia cells are known to have an overactive level of
a protein called β-catenin, which can drive cancer
development. Once this protein moves into the nucleus
of cells, where DNA is stored, it can assist the activation
of genes important for leukemia development. The
activity of β-catenin is highly dependent upon the
interactions it forms with other proteins in the cell.
Types of Leukemia

•Acute Leukemia

•Chronic Leukemia
Acute Leukemia
Acute leukemia happens when most of the abnormal
blood cells stay immature and can’t carry out normal
functions. It can get bad very fast.It is of two types:

•Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can occur in


children and adults.

•Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) occurs mostly in


children.
Chronic Leukemia
Chronic leukemia happens when there are some
immature cells, but others are normal and can function
normally. That means it gets bad, but more slowly.It is
of two types:

•Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) affects


mostly adults.
•Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is most likely to
affect people over the age of 55.
Risk Factors
•Family history of leukemia
•Smoking
•Radiation exposure
•Exposure to certain chemicals like Benzene
•Genetic Disorder
Symptoms
•Fever or chills
•Persistent fatigue, weakness
•Losing weight without trying
•Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
•Easy bleeding
•Recurrent nosebleeds
•Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)
•Excessive sweating, especially at night
•Bone pain
Treatment
•Chemotherapy
•Radiation
•Biologic therapy
•Targeted therapy
•Stem cell transplant
•Surgery
Diagnosis &Tests
•Blood test(CBC)
•Bone marrow biopsy
•Spinal tap(Lumbar puncture)
Outlook
In 1975, the chances of surviving for 5 years or more
after receiving a diagnosis of leukemia were 33.4%.
By 2011, this figure had risen to 66.8%

The American Cancer Society estimate that there are


around 60,300 cases of leukemia in the United States
in 2018, resulting in 24,370 deaths.
Remission Rate
Patients treated with ALL
Almost 90% of children diagnosed with the disease are
cured.Adult have an 80% to 90% chance of attaining
remission; about 40% of those who do so survive at least
another 5 years, with a chance of a full cure.

Patients treated with AML


Have a 60% to 70% chance of remission; about 30% of
those survive at least 3 years, with a possibility of a full
cure.
Referenc
e• Nasjonalt handlingsprogram med retningslinjer for
diagnostikk, behandling og oppfølging av pasienter med
maligne blodsykdommer (2013), Helsedirektoratet (National
guidelines for diagnostic, treatment and follow-up care of
leukemia, Norwegian Directorate of Health)

• Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K,


Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR,
Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics
Review, 1975-2014, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD

• Baccarani M et al: European Leukemia Net


recommendations for the management of chronic myeloid
leukemia
Thank You

You might also like