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Ketonuria: Huma Imtiaz MLT

Ketonuria is a condition where ketone bodies are present in the urine, indicating the body is using fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. It occurs during starvation or in type 1 diabetes when glucose is unavailable. Ketones are produced in the liver during fat metabolism and are usually metabolized, but excess ketones appear in the urine during ketonuria. Screening for ketonuria is often done in ill patients, before surgery, and for pregnant or diabetic individuals. Treatment involves insulin and intravenous fluids to restore normal blood sugar levels and end ketoacidosis.

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536 views14 pages

Ketonuria: Huma Imtiaz MLT

Ketonuria is a condition where ketone bodies are present in the urine, indicating the body is using fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. It occurs during starvation or in type 1 diabetes when glucose is unavailable. Ketones are produced in the liver during fat metabolism and are usually metabolized, but excess ketones appear in the urine during ketonuria. Screening for ketonuria is often done in ill patients, before surgery, and for pregnant or diabetic individuals. Treatment involves insulin and intravenous fluids to restore normal blood sugar levels and end ketoacidosis.

Uploaded by

Habib Ullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

KETONURIA

HUMA IMTIAZ
MLT
DEFINITION
• Ketonuria is a medical condition in which ketone
bodies are present in the urine.
• It is seen in conditions in which the body produces
excess ketones as an indication that it is using an
alternative source of energy.
• It is seen during starvation or more commonly in
type I diabetes mellitus. Production of ketone bodies
is a normal response to a shortage of glucose, meant
to provide an alternate source of fuel from fatty
acids.
EXPLANATION
• Ketones are metabolic end-products of fatty acid metabolism.
In healthy individuals, ketones are formed in the liver and are
completely metabolized so that only negligible amounts appear
in the urine. However, when carbohydrates are unavailable or
unable to be used as an energy source, fat becomes the
predominant body fuel instead of carbohydrates and excessive
amounts of ketones are formed as a metabolic byproduct.
Higher levels of ketones in the urine indicate that the body is
using fat as the major source of energy.
SCREENING
• Screening of ketonuria is frequently done for
1. ill patients
2. Presurgical patients
3. Pregnant women
4. Diabetic patients
5. In acidosis
CAUSES
• Metabolic disorders like
o Diabetes
o Renal glycosuria
o Glycogen storage disease
• Dietery conditions like
o Starvation
o Fasting
o High protein diet
Cont….
o Low carbohydrate diet
o Vomitting
o Anorexia
• Conditions in which metabolism is increased such as
o Hyperthyriodism
o Fever
o Lactation
o pregnency
Cont…
• In non-diabetic persons, ketonuria may occur
during acute illness or severe stress.
• In the non diabetic patient, ketonuria reflects
a reduced carbohydrate metabolism and an
increased fat metabolism.
SYMPTOMS
• Symptoms of glucose and ketone body
overload includes
1. Thirst
2. Frequent urination
3. Dehydration
4. Nausea
5. Vomiting
6. Heavy breathing
Cont…

7. Dilation of pupil
8. Confusion resulting from toxic effect of ketone
bodies and acid accumulation on the brain
TREATMENT
• Treatment with insulin
• IV fluids can restore normal level of blood
sugar and end ketoacidosis and ketonuria
PREVENTION
• Montoring of the level of glucose in the blood
and ketone bodies in the urine.
• Home tests kits are available to check both
glucose and ketone levels
THANKYOU

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