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Rational and Irrational Numbers

This document discusses rational and irrational numbers. It provides examples of numbers that are rational, such as fractions, integers, terminating decimals and recurring decimals. It also gives examples of irrational numbers, such as the square root of 2, pi, and some trigonometric functions. It explains that rational numbers can be written as a/b, while irrational numbers cannot. Finally, it has examples of classifying numbers as rational or irrational and organizing them on a Venn diagram.

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Moloy Gorai
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502 views14 pages

Rational and Irrational Numbers

This document discusses rational and irrational numbers. It provides examples of numbers that are rational, such as fractions, integers, terminating decimals and recurring decimals. It also gives examples of irrational numbers, such as the square root of 2, pi, and some trigonometric functions. It explains that rational numbers can be written as a/b, while irrational numbers cannot. Finally, it has examples of classifying numbers as rational or irrational and organizing them on a Venn diagram.

Uploaded by

Moloy Gorai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RATIONAL AND

IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Recurring decimals
Recurring decimals contain digits that are repeated over and over again.

0.2222222222…
2.43535353535…
0.142142142142…
6.801980198019…
are all examples of recurring decimals

Dots are used to show how the decimals recur.

0.2222222222...  0.2

2.43535353535...  2.435


0.142142142...  0.142
 

6.801980198019...  6.8019
 
Changing recurring decimals to fractions

1 Change 0.7 to a fraction.

let x  0.777777... multiply both sides of the equation by 10

10x  7.777777... write x  0.777777... underneath

x  0.777777... subtract the two equations


9x  7 divide both sides by 9
7
x
9 IfIf 11 digit
digit recurs
recurs multiply
multiply by
by 10.
10.
IfIf 22 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 100.
100.
7 IfIf 33 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 1000.
1000.
Answer: 0.7 
9
Changing recurring decimals to fractions

  to a fraction.
2 Change 0.47

let x  0.474747... multiply both sides of the equation by 100

100x  47.474747... write x  0.474747... underneath

x  0.474747... subtract the two equations


99x  47 divide both sides by 99
47
x
99 IfIf 11 digit
digit recurs
recurs multiply
multiply by
by 10.
10.
IfIf 22 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 100.
100.
   47
Answer: 0.47 IfIf 33 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 1000.
1000.
99
Changing recurring decimals to fractions

  to a fraction.
3 Change 0.125

let x  0.125125125... multiply both sides of the equation by 1000

1000x  125.125125... write x  0.125125... underneath

x 0.125125... subtract the two equations


999x  125 divide both sides by 999
125
x
999 IfIf 11 digit
digit recurs
recurs multiply
multiply by
by 10.
10.
IfIf 22 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 100.
100.
   125
Answer: 0.125 IfIf 33 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 1000.
1000.
999
Changing recurring decimals to fractions

  to a fraction.
4 Change 0.947

let x  0.9474747... multiply both sides of the equation by 100

100x  94.7474747... write x  0.9474747... underneath

x  0.9474747... subtract the two equations


99x  93.8 divide both sides by 99
93.8 938 469
x  
99 990 495 IfIf 11 digit
digit recurs
recurs multiply
multiply by
by 10.
10.
IfIf 22 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 100.
100.
  469
Answer: 0.947 IfIf 33 digits
digits recur
recur multiply
multiply by
by 1000.
1000.
495
The set of real numbers can be divided into two sets:

RATIONAL NUMBERS and IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

Numbers that can be written Numbers that cannot be


in the form a . written in the form a .
b b
Rational numbers include:

3
 all fractions eg
5
8
 all integers eg 8 
1
4 14
 all mixed numbers eg 2 
5 5
23
 all terminating decimals eg 0.23 
100
2
 all recurring decimals eg 0.6 
3
5
 some square roots eg 25  5 
1
2
 some cube roots eg 3
8  2 
1
Irrational numbers include:

 

 some square roots eg 3

 some cube roots eg 3


5

 some trig ratios eg sin 20


1 Which of these numbers are irrational numbers?

 1
2.1 cos 40 33 5 3.8 sin30 
4

Answer: cos 40 , 33 and 


2 Write each of these numbers in the correct place on the Venn diagram.

4 2 4
36 4.9 
9 3 9

Rational numbers
4.9
4 Integers
9 4
36 2
 9
3
3 Is x rational or irrational for this triangle?

x cm
10 cm

24 cm

Using Pythagoras x 2  10 2  24 2

x 2  100  576

x 2  676

x  26

Answer: x is rational
4 Is x rational or irrational for this triangle?

12 cm
4 cm

x cm

Using Pythagoras x 2  4 2  122

x 2  16  144

x 2  128

x  11.317085...

Answer: x is irrational

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