C++
PROGRAMMING
#include <iostream.h>
▪ cout object
▪ cin object
Identifier
Define variable
Data type
Integer
Floating point
Char
Boolean
Literal
Variable Definition
Variable Assignment
Variable Initialization
Arithmetic operation
Comment
Mathematical Expressions Order of Operations
Algebraic Expressions
Constants
Program output
Character Name Meaning
{ } Open/close brace Encloses a group of statements
" " Open/close Encloses string of characters
quotation marks
; Semicolon End of a statement
Displays output on the computer screen
You use the stream insertion operator << to send output
to cout:
cout << "Programming is fun!";
Programming is fun!
This produces one line of output:
cout << "Programming is ";
cout << "fun!";
Programming is fun!
You can use the endl manipulator to start a new line of
output. This will produce two lines of output:
cout << "Programming is" << endl;
cout << "fun!";
Programming is
fun!
You can also use the \n escape sequence to start a new
line of output. This will produce two lines of output:
TIP: Notice that the \n is
INSIDE the string.
cout << "Programming is\n";
cout << "fun!";
Programming is
fun!
cout<<"Saya belajar di UPSI"<<endl<<"Saya suka UPSI"<<endl;
cout<<"Saya akan belajar rajin-rajin";
Saya belajar di UPSI
Saya suka UPSI
Saya akan belajar rajin-rajin
cout<<"Saya belajar di UPSI\nSaya suka UPSI\nSaya akan belajar rajin-rajin Saya pelajar multimedia";
Saya belajar di UPSI
Saya suka UPSI
Saya akan belajar rajin-rajin Saya pelajar multimedia
cout<<"Saya sayang ibubapa saya."<<endl;
cout<<"Mereka mempunyai harapan tinggi terhadap saya."<<endl;
cout<<"Saya tidak akan mengecewakan mereka.";
Saya sayang ibubapa saya.
Mereka mempunyai harapan tinggi terhadap saya.
Saya tidak akan mengecewakan mereka.
Write a program to display output as follows :
My name is Shakirah.
I’m studying at UPSI.
I’m doing degree in Software Engineering.
cout<<“******\n******\n********\n”<<endl<<endl<<“##########”;
******
******
********
##########
An identifier is a programmer-
defined name for some part of a
program: variables, functions, etc.
A variable name should represent the
purpose of the variable. For example:
itemsOrdered
The purpose of this variable is to hold the
number of items ordered.
The first character of an identifier must be
an alphabetic character or an underscore
After the first character you may use
alphabetic characters, numbers, or
underscore characters.
Upper and lowercase characters are distinct
(case sensitive)
Anita (5 character/5 aksara)
Jamilah (7 character/7 aksara)
( first)(second and onwards)
_ _
a..z a..z
A…Z A..Z
0..9
Ahmad
_999
_9_aminah
__amy
4sum
_#jumlah
Dividen
Product_
Product_001
Case sensitive
sum
Sum
sum and Sum are two different variables
You cannot use any of the C++ key words as an
identifier. These words have reserved meaning.
IDENTIFIER VALID? REASON IF INVALID
totalSales Yes
total_Sales Yes
total.Sales No Cannot contain .
4thQtrSales No Cannot begin with digit
totalSale$ No Cannot contain $
_totalSales Yes
_44sales Yes
total sales No Cannot have space
while No Key word in C++
While Yes
Has a name and a type of data it can hold
Must be defined before it can be used:
Syntax to define variable
data_type variable_name;
DataType Length Range
(in bits)
int 16 -32768 to 32767
long 32 -2147483648 to 2147483647
unsigned int 16 0 to 65535
unsigned long 32 0 to 4294967296
Define variable
data_type variable_name;
Example
int number;
EXAMPLE
// This program has a variable
#include<iostream.h>
void main () define variable
{
int number;
number = 20;
cout<<"The value in number is "; The value in number is 20
cout<<number;
}
EXAMPLE
// This program has a variable
#include<iostream.h>
void main () define variable
{
int number;
number = 10;
cout<<"The value in number is "; The value in number is number
cout<<"number";
}
Notes:
Make sure you understand slide 22 and 23
clearly.
- print string ( print ayat/perkataan)
- print variable
int ringgit;
ringgit = 100;
cout<<"I have RM"<<ringgit<<"."<<endl;
Output
