Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9
Ms. McCaughan
La Serna High School
2007-2008
Energy Review
Energy Storing Molecules
ATP, NADPH (NAD+), FADH (FAD+), FADH2
ATP supplies most of the energy that drives
metabolism in living things
ATP releases energy when converted into
ADP
Cellular Respiration Overview
Chapter 9-1
Living things get most of the energy
they need from glucose.
Autrotrophs make glucose using photosynthesis
Heterotrophs get glucose from food they eat
Cellular Respiration
The process that releases energy by breaking
down glucose and other food molecules in the
presence of oxygen.
Cellular Respiration Overview
Cellular Respiration Overall Equation
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Three Stages
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb’s Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain
The Main form of Energy produced = ATP
Figure 9–2
Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons
Pyruvic
carried in
acid
NADH and
Glucose FADH2 Electron
Krebs Transport
Glycolysis
Cycle Chain
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Glyco = Glucose lysis = Breakdown
Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
Molecules of GLUCOSE are broken down
into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid.
Cell must use (invest) 2 ATP
Produces Energy Carrier Molecules
4 ATP
2 NADH
Glycolysis
Pyruvate = Pyruvic Acid
Glycolysis
Glucose
Pyruvic Pyruvic
Acid Acid
To the Electron
Transport Chain
The “Mighty” Mitochondria
The mitochondria is the
organelle where the final
stages of cellular
respiration occurs.
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Cells that use a lot of
energy have high numbers
of mitochondria.
Example: Muscle cells in
the heart!!
Kreb’s Cycle
Chapter 9-2
Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!!
Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria
Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form
1 ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2
CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!)
AKA….Citric Acid Cycle
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chapter 9-2
Energy carrier molecules produced during
Glycolysis and the Kreb’s Cycle enter the ETC
NADH
FADH2
Occurs in the folds of the Inner Membrane of the
Mitochondria (Cristae)
The electrons are passed down a chain of
proteins until they reach the final electron
acceptor…..oxygen!
So this step is aerobic (requires oxygen)
The ETC produces 32 ATP and H2O
Electron Transport Chain
The chain then repeats in the same way with FADH2
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration Flowchart
Carbon
Glucose
Dioxide
(C6H1206) Electron
Krebs (CO2)
+ Glycolysis Transport
Cycle +
Oxygen Chain
Water
(02)
(H2O)
What happens if
NO OXYGEN
is available??
The Kreb’s Cycle and Electron
Transport Chain can’t function!!
These are anaerobic conditions!!
Fermentation
Chapter 9-1
The cell can use Fermentation instead!!
Occurs in the Cytoplasm
Just like glycolysis!!
Fermentation
A series of reactions that convert NADH
(from glycolysis) back into NAD allowing
glycolysis to keep producing a small amount
of ATP
2 Types of Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Yeasts use this process to form ethyl alcohol
and carbon dioxide as waste products.
This causes bread dough to rise
This is how some alcoholic beverages are
made
Pyruvic Acid + NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in bacteria (unicellular organisms)
This is how cheese, yogurt, and pickles are made.
Occurs in muscles during rapid exercise
When your body runs out of oxygen your muscle cells
must produce some ATP using fermentation and
glycolysis
Lactic Acid build-up causes muscle soreness or
burning after intense activity.
Pyruvic Acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+
Fermentation Summary
Glycolysis: Glucose 2 Pyruvic Acid Fermentation: 2 Pyruvic Acid ? or ?
Section 9-1
Chemical Pathways
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs Electron
cycle transport
Fermentation Alcohol or
(without oxygen) Lactic Acid
