ERGONOMICS

ACTIVITY NO.3

 OUTLINE

 DEFINE THE TERMS ERGONOMICS AND WORK- RELATED
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
 EXPALIN THE RISK FACTORS FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL
INJURIES
 GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS WHERE
WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY TO CONSIDER
DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE, LENGTH OF SERVICE IN
WORK ETC.
 IDENTIFY 2 ERGONOMIC SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE THE RISK
FACTORY FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURY
 DESCRIBE AND DEMONSTRATE THE PROPER WAY TO LIFT A
LOAD
 OUTLINE

 Activity 2. Strong and Weak Grips - Grip Strength
Tug-o-War
 Look for a partner, pair off and compete in a tug-o-
war competition using pencils. Illustrate the
difference between 1) a pinch grip competing with a
power grip and 2) a neutral wrist competing with a
bent wrist posture. Compare yours and your partner
strength using both techniques. Make a conclusion.
Note : Take pictures while doing this activity
 OUTLINE

 Activity 3. Practice Safe Lifting: Lifting Loads at the Pizzeria (20
minutes)
 Scenario: You have a new job working in the kitchen of a pizzeria.
Every morning boxes of ingredients are delivered to the back door of
the kitchen. One of your job duties is to move these boxes into the
kitchen. At the end of your shift, you also have to empty all the trash
cans and carry the garbage to the dumpster behind the shop. After
three weeks on the job, you have noticed that your back has started to
feel sore and tired by the end of your shift.
 Consider below handout. A, Four Steps to Proper Lifting and B,
Proper Lifting Evaluation.
 Look for two or three empty boxes. Practice lifting and moving the
boxes using the techniques from the handout. After reading Four Steps
to Proper Lifting, take a turn lifting the boxes and moving them to a
location you specify. Use the safe lifting checklist from part two of
Handout B, Proper Lifting Evaluation to evaluate the lift.
 DEFINE THE TERMS ERGONOMICS AND WORK-
RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS


“Ergonomics”
• Ergon = work
• Nomos = laws
• “the laws of work”
Alternative Names
 Humans Factors Engineering
 Human Engineering
 Occupational Psychology
 Engineering Psychology
 Applied Experimental Psychology “Ergonomics”
 DEFINE THE TERMS ERGONOMICS AND WORK-
RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS


 Ergonomics is the study and optimization of the
interaction between people and their physical
environment by considering their physical,
physiological, and psychological characteristics.
 DEFINE THE TERMS ERGONOMICS AND WORK-
RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS


 Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)
are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons,
and nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis,
thoracic outlet syndrome, and tension neck
syndrome are examples.
 EXPALIN THE RISK FACTORS FOR
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES


 WMSDs arise from arm and hand movements such as bending,
straightening, gripping, holding, twisting, clenching and reaching.
These common movements are not particularly harmful in the
ordinary activities of daily life. What makes them hazardous in
work situations is the continual repetition, often in a forceful
manner, and most of all, the speed of the movements and the lack
of time for recovery between them. WMSDs are associated with
work patterns that include:
 Fixed or constrained body positions.
 Continual repetition of movements.
 Force concentrated on small parts of the body, such as the hand or
wrist.
 A pace of work that does not allow sufficient recovery between
movements.
GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

WMSDs include three types of injuries:
Muscle injury.
Tendon injury.
Nerve injury.
GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

 Muscle Injury
 When muscles contract, they use chemical energy from sugars
and produce by-products such as lactic acid which are
removed by the blood. A muscle contraction that lasts a long
time reduces the blood flow. Consequently, the substances
produced by the muscles are not removed fast enough, and
they accumulate in the muscles. The accumulation of these
substances irritates muscles and causes pain. The severity of
the pain depends on the duration of the muscle contractions
and the amount of time between activities for the muscles to
get rid of those irritating substances.
GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

 Tendon Injury
 Tendons consist of numerous bundles of fibres that
attach muscles to bones. Tendon disorders related to
repetitive or frequent work activities and awkward
postures occur in two major categories – tendons
with sheaths (Fig. 1), found mainly in the hand and
wrist; and tendons without sheaths (Fig. 2), generally
found around the shoulder, elbow, and forearm.
GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

 Nerve Injury
 Nerves carry signals from the brain to control
activities of muscles. They also carry information
about temperature, pain and touch from the body to
the brain, and control bodily functions such as
sweating and salivation. Nerves are surrounded by
muscles, tendons, and ligaments. With repetitive
motions and awkward postures, the tissues
surrounding nerves become swollen, and squeeze or
compress nerves
GIVE ATLEAST 3 EXAMPLES OF WORK SITUATIONS
WHERE WORKERS MAY BE RISK FOR INJURY (TRY
TO CONSIDER DIFFERENT FACTOR SUCH AS AGE,
LENGTH OF SERVICE IN WORK ETC.

IDENTIFY 2 ERGONOMIC SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE
THE RISK FACTORY FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL
INJURY


 Job Rotation
Job rotation is one possible approach. It requires
workers to move between different tasks, at fixed or
irregular periods of time. But it must be a rotation
where workers do something completely different.
Different tasks must engage different muscle groups in
order to allow recovery for those already strained.
IDENTIFY 2 ERGONOMIC SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE
THE RISK FACTORY FOR MUSCULOSKELETAL
INJURY


 Tools and Equipment Design
Proper design of tools and equipment significantly
decreases the force needed to complete the task.
Providing the worker with the proper jigs or fixtures for
tasks that require holding elements saves a lot of
muscular effort in awkward positions.
DESCRIBE AND DEMONSTRATE THE PROPER WAY
TO LIFT A LOAD


 RAISE the object to be lifted upright.
 PUT one knee against the object.
 PULL the object up the leg.
 REST the object on the knee of the other leg.
 STAND up, using your legs to lift, keeping your back
straight.
 STAND upright and carry the object with your back
in an upright position.
 CARRY the object as close to your body as possible.
DESCRIBE AND DEMONSTRATE THE PROPER WAY
TO LIFT A LOAD


DESCRIBE AND DEMONSTRATE THE PROPER WAY
TO LIFT A LOAD


Activity 2. Strong and Weak Grips - Grip Strength Tug-
o-War


Look for a partner, pair off and compete in a tug-o-war
competition using pencils. Illustrate the difference
between 1) a pinch grip competing with a power grip
and 2) a neutral wrist competing with a bent wrist
posture. Compare yours and your partner strength
using both techniques. Make a conclusion. Note : Take
pictures while doing this activity.
Activity 2. Strong and Weak Grips - Grip Strength Tug-
o-War

Conclusion: Power grip can easily pull out

Conclusion: straight wrist is stronger than


 Scenario: You have a new job working in the kitchen of a pizzeria. Every
morning boxes of ingredients are delivered to the back door of the kitchen.
One of your job duties is to move these boxes into the kitchen. At the end
of your shift, you also have to empty all the trash cans and carry the
garbage to the dumpster behind the shop. After three weeks on the job,
you have noticed that your back has started to feel sore and tired by the
end of your shift.
 Consider below handout. A, Four Steps to Proper Lifting and B, Proper
Lifting Evaluation.
 Look for two or three empty boxes. Practice lifting and moving the boxes
using the techniques from the handout. After reading Four Steps to Proper
Lifting, take a turn lifting the boxes and moving them to a location you
specify. Use the safe lifting checklist from part two of Handout B, Proper
Lifting Evaluation to evaluate the lift.
Evaluation

 

Thank you!