Scribd
Upload
5K views12 pages

Epispadiasis

An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

Uploaded by

vishnu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5K views12 pages

Epispadiasis

An epispadias is a rare birth defect where the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis rather than at the tip. It occurs in about 1 in 120,000 male births and 1 in 500,000 female births. The cause is unknown but risk factors include inguinal hernias and male siblings. Symptoms include abnormal genital appearance and urinary issues like infections. Diagnosis involves medical imaging and physical exams. Treatment is usually surgical to reposition the urethra.

Uploaded by

vishnu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction:

 An epispadias is a rare of type


of malformation the penis in in which
the urethra ends an opening onthe
upper aspect (the dorsum) of the penis. It
can also develop in females when the
urethra develops too far anteriorly.
Definition:

 It is a rare congenital condition


which in the Urethral Meatus
dorsally opens
on top of the penis,
proximal to the glans.
 Incidence – 1 in 120,000 male and 1
in 500,000
female births.
 Occurance – More common in male than
in girls.
Etiology:
 Unknown
 Inguinal hernia
 Male siblings
 Improper development of the pubic
bone
 Birth Defect
 Other Genito urinary defects.
Clinical Manifestation:
In males:
 Abnormal opening from the joint between

the pubic bones to the area above the tip of


the penis
 Backward flow of urine into the kidney

(reflux nephropathy)
 Short, widened penis with an

abnormal curvature
 Urinary tract infections

 Widened pubic bone


Cont….
In females:
 Abnormal clitoris and labia

 Abnormal opening from the bladder neck

to the area above the normal urethral


opening
 Backward flow of urine into the kidney

(reflux nephropathy)
 Widened pubic bone

 Urinary incontinence

 Urinary tract infections


Diagnostic Findings:
 History Collection
 Physical Examination
 Blood test to check electrolyte levels
 Intravenous pyelogram (IVP), a special X-
ray of the kidneys, bladder and ureters
 MRI and CT scans, depending on
the condition
 Pelvic X-ray
 Ultrasound of the urogenital system
Treatment
:
Cont….
After surgery:
 Depending on the extent of surgery, the child

may either go home the same day or stay in the


hospital overnight.
 The Children's nurses will talk with, how to care

for him at home and will provide detailed


instruction sheets (how to manage his dressing,
what activities should be avoided, etc.)
Cont….
For the child's recovery period, the
doctor may prescribe any or all of the
following:
 Acetaminophen (Tylenol), to help ward
off soreness in the first few days after surgery
 Antibiotic ointment, to be applied to the penis

several times a day


 Oral antibiotics

 Antispasmodic medication, to alleviate bladder

spasms
Nursing Diagnosis:
 Pain r/t surgical incision and drainage tube.
 Risk for infection r/t surgical incision
and drainage tube.
 Body image disturbance r/t Appearance
of genitalia.
 Impaired urinary elimination r/t the
condition and surgical intervention.
 Risk for fluid volume deficit r/t surgical
losses.
Complication:
 Abnormal opening from the bladder neck
to the area above the normal urethra
opening.
 Backward flow of urine into the kidney
(reflux nephropathy)
 Urinary incontinence.
 Urinary tract infections.
 Widened pubic bone.

You might also like