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Lecture 02 Introduction To Computing

The document introduces basic computing concepts including hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer as the central processing unit (CPU), input unit, output unit, and storage unit. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. The input and output units accept and deliver data to and from the user. Storage includes primary and secondary memory. The document gives examples of how computers are used in various fields such as science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, and banking.

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Huzaifa Qamash
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1K views16 pages

Lecture 02 Introduction To Computing

The document introduces basic computing concepts including hardware, software, data, and information. It describes the main components of a computer as the central processing unit (CPU), input unit, output unit, and storage unit. The CPU contains an arithmetic logic unit, control unit, and registers. The input and output units accept and deliver data to and from the user. Storage includes primary and secondary memory. The document gives examples of how computers are used in various fields such as science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, and banking.

Uploaded by

Huzaifa Qamash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction To

Computing
Basic Concepts 2

 Hardware :tangible
 Software: intangible
 Data :raw facts and figures
 Information :processed form of data
Components of a Computer 3

System
 A computer has the following main components:

• Central Processing • Input Unit


Unit (CPU)

• Output Unit • Storage Unit


Central Processing Unit (CPU) 4

 CPU or processor is the brain of computer system that processes

data (input) and converts it into meaningful information (output)

 Basic functions of CPU:


 It issues commands to all parts of computer system

 It controls the sequence of operations as per the stored instructions

 It stores data and programs (instructions)

 It performs the data processing operation and sends the result to the
output unit
Parts of CPU 5

 CPU has three parts


1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
On given data it performs
 Arithmetic operations for example add, subtract
 Logical Operations for example AND, OR

2. Control Unit
 Checks the correctness of the sequence of operations
 Controls the input/output devices
 Directs functioning of other units of CPU
Parts of CPU 6

3. Registers
 High-speed temporary memory
 Holds information like
 Data
 Instructions
 Addresses
 Intermediate results of calculations
Input Unit 7

 Input unit accepts data and instructions from the user


through input devices such as keyboard, mouse, light pen,
web cam and scanner etc. and converts them into computer
understandable form
Output Unit 8

 This unit accepts the outputs produced by the computer,


converts them into user understandable form and supplies
the converted results to the user through output devices
Storage Unit 9

 Storage unit comprises of two types of memory:


1. Primary
 It holds instructions and data currently being processed by
the CPU

 CPU can access data from RAM quickly and directly

 Expensive and Limited storage capacity

 For example RAM


Storage Unit 10

 Storage unit comprises of two types of memory:


2. Secondary
 Used to store data and instructions

 It supplies the stored information to other units of


computer when required

 Less expensive

 Higher storage capacity

 For example Hard Disk, CD, Flash Drive


Applications of Computers 11

 Science
 High speed and accuracy of computers allow complex
scientific analysis to be carried out
 Weather prediction
 Rocket trajectory calculation
 Education
 Learning has become much more interactive

 Online courses
Applications of Computers 12

 Medicine and Healthcare


 Diagnosing illness

 Monitoring patients during surgery

 CT (computed tomography) scan, MRI( Magnetic resonance imaging) scan

 Special purpose computers such as cochlear implants that enable deaf people
to hear
 Engineering
 Designing 3-D building layouts

 Robots

 Manufacturing
Applications of Computers 13

 Entertainment
 Special effects

 Animations
 Communication
 Email

 Video chat
Applications of Computers 14

 Business
 Sales counter (requires immediate response from
computer)

 Business forecasting

 Prepare pay bills

 Internet and email has changed the way of doing


business
Applications of Computers 15

 Banking
 Online bill payments

 ATM (automated teller machine )


References 16

 Introduction To Computer Science by ITL Educati


on Solutions Limited

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