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Geotechnical Engineering I

Soil can be modeled as a three phase system consisting of solid soil particles, water, and air. The document defines various terms used to describe the properties and relationships between the weight, volume, moisture content of each phase. These include moisture content, unit weight, dry unit weight, bulk unit weight, saturated unit weight, submerged unit weight, and specific gravity. Reference materials are also provided for further reading on soil properties and relationships.

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13 views10 pages

Geotechnical Engineering I

Soil can be modeled as a three phase system consisting of solid soil particles, water, and air. The document defines various terms used to describe the properties and relationships between the weight, volume, moisture content of each phase. These include moisture content, unit weight, dry unit weight, bulk unit weight, saturated unit weight, submerged unit weight, and specific gravity. Reference materials are also provided for further reading on soil properties and relationships.

Uploaded by

Abdul Wahab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING I
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
RESOURCE PERSON: HIRA SATTAR ([Link]@[Link])
LECTURE 3
24TH FEBRUARY 2020
SOIL AS A THREE PHASE
SYSTEM
S: Solid Soil particle
W: Liquid Water
A: Air Air
SOIL AS A THREE PHASE
SYSTEM
V = Total volume of soil mass
Vs = Volume of soil solids
Vw = Volume of water
Va = Volume of air
Vv = Va+Vw = Volume of voids
W = Total weight of soil
Ws = Weight of soil solids
Wa = Weight of air ≈ 0
Ww = Weight of water
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
1)  Moisture/Water Content/Gravimetric Water Content, w

w(0 < w < ∞)

 Typical value for Sands >> 10-30%


 For clays >> 10% or higher typically
 For some organic soils w>100%, even up to 500%.
 For quick clays w is typically > 100%.
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
2)
   Unit Weight, γ

γ = (kN/m3; lb/ft3; g/cm3)

3) Dry Unit Weight, γd

γd =
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
   Bulk Unit Weight, γ
4) b

γ =
5) Unit Weight of soil solids, γs

γs =
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
6)
   Saturated Unit Weight, γsat

γsat
7) Submerged Unit Weight, γsub or γbouyant

γsub γsat γw
γw = 9.81 kN/m3 → 1 g/cm3
Archimede’s principle:
= 1000 kg/m3 The buoyant force on a body immersed
in a fluid is equal to the weight of the
= 62.4 lb/ft3 fluid displaced by that object.
WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS
8)
   Specific Gravity (Gs)

Gs =

Generally for soils 2.6 ≤ Gs ≤ 2.7


WEIGHT-VOLUME
RELATIONSHIPS
REFERENCE MATERIAL
 An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering (2nd Edition) By R. D. Holtz, W. D. Kovacs and
T. C. Sheahan Chapter #2

 Geotechnical Engineering – Principles and Practices - (2nd Edition) By Donald P. Coduto, M.


R. Yeung and W. A. Kitch Chapter #4

 Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics By M. S. Qureshi & Aziz Akbar Chapter #3

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