Diseases of Poultry II.
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ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION
At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry
flock must be examined by veterinarian.
A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and
the pre-life of the flock
If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not
indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection
at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported
flock and control of injuries took place during transportation,
furthermore the examination of dead birds.
Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether
the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further
special examination.
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HUNGARIAN ZOO SANITARY CODE
41/1997.(V. 28.) FM. r.
Notifiable Diseases
O.I.E. list A
– Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
– Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
– Duck plaque (Herpesvirus)
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Viral Diseases
Newcastle disease
Avian influenza
Fowl pox
Infectious bronchitis
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Infectious bursitis
Marek's disease
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Newcastle disease
Notifiable disease !
Avian paramyxovirus (serotype 1, 8
genotypes)
different pathogenity (v, m, l, a)
chicken, pheasant, turkey, pigeon, wild
birds
(water fowl)
Sensitivity: 56 °C - 3 min
pH 3 - 3 min disinfectant
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Clinical signs:
respiratory disease
enteritidis
nervous signs
marked drop in egg production
Pathology:
– haemorrhages on seromembranes,
on mucosal membranes
(proventriculi, small intestine,
ceca, -lymphoid tonsils -,
trachea, pharynx)
– enteritidis
– diphtheriod inflammation on lymphoid tonsils
on pharynx
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Isolation of virus (pathogenicity)
Prevention / Vaccination
Differential diagnosis
(septicaemia, CRD, IBD, ILT, IB, Fowl pox,
pneumovirus, coccidiosis, mycotoxicosis)
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if NDV is observed on the farm:
In compliance with EU directive 93/119/EC,
depopulation of infected flocks may take place
using the following methods/drugs/systems:
Electronarcosis by water dipping
Decapitation and dislocation of the neck
Gassing with carbon dioxide
Vacuum tank
if NDV is observed in the slaughter-house
everything is condemned, and everything has to be
desinfected
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Fowl pox
Poxviridae, Avipox
Sensitivity: 50°C heating 30 min
60°C 8 min
in dry scabs for months/years
pH 5-9 resistant
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cutaneous form
nodular (proliferative) lesions on the comb, wattle,
eyelids, other non feathered areas
diphtheroid form
nodules on mucosal membranes of pharynx,
trachea, oesophagus
special histopathological changes
(cytoplasmic inclusion body)
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Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Herpesvirus
Sensitivity: mild (halogen-detergents + iodophors,
heating, but (-18° C-25° C !)
Acute respiratory disease
Conjunctivitis
Laryngitis
Tracheitis
(Histopathology: intranuclear inclusion body in
epithelial cells by 3 day PI)
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Infectious bronchitis
Coronavirus
Sensitivity: 56°C 15 min
at room temperature 2-3 days
common detergents destroy
Pathology:
acute catarrhal tracheitis, bronchitis
sinusitis, air sacculitis
local pneumonia
nephritis, salpingitis (eggs !)
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Infectious bursal Disease
(Gumboro Disease)
Birnavirus
bursa Fabricii (B lymphoid cells)
immunsuppression !
Sensitivity: very stabil virus!
60-70°C -30 min
0.5 % chloramines 10 min
invert soap + 0,05 sodium hydroxide
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Pathology:
haemorrhages
in muscles (legs, breast)
on mucosal membrane of proventriculi
on lymphoid tonsils of intestine
oedema and haemorrhageous inflammation of
bursa Fabricii
Diff. diagnosis: Newcastle disease
mycotoxicosis
Prevention: vaccination, hygiene
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Marek’s Disease
Herpesvirus (cell associated virus)
Sensitivity:
Pathogenity:
„classical” form (lesions in peripheral nerves)
tumoral form
(lymphoid tumors in different organs or
in skin)
transient paralysis
Differential diagnosis:
Newcastle disease
leucosis
tumors
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Parasites / Protozoa
Coccidiosis
Eimeria tenella
Eimeria necatrix
Eimeria acervulina
Eimeria truncata
Chicken, turkey
geese
Anticoccidial drugs /vaccination
immunsuppressive diseases (Marek’s disease, CAV,
Gumboro disease, Reo, mycotoxines…)
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Haemorrhagic enteritidis
(clotted blood - fibrinous inflammation)
in caecum
in small intestines
renal coccidiosis (enlarged, yellow-greyish
kidneys)
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Fungal infections
Aspergillosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus flavus
Penicillium
Mucor
Respiratory disease
pneumonia (granulomes)
air sacculitis, peritonitis
Litter, feed (toxins)
(Antibiotics contraindicated!)
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In these cases poultry meat is partial
condemned for human consumption
(the effected areas are condemned:
- parenchymal orgams
- intestines
- skin + muscles /breast, legs/ )
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