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Diffierential Calculus

This document provides an overview of key topics in differential calculus including: - Definitions of functions, domains, ranges, and even and odd functions - Operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition - Limits, continuity, differentiation rules for standard, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions - Related rates, indeterminate forms, maxima/minima using the first and second derivative tests, and examples of applying these concepts to solve problems.

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80 views50 pages

Diffierential Calculus

This document provides an overview of key topics in differential calculus including: - Definitions of functions, domains, ranges, and even and odd functions - Operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition - Limits, continuity, differentiation rules for standard, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, hyperbolic, and inverse hyperbolic functions - Related rates, indeterminate forms, maxima/minima using the first and second derivative tests, and examples of applying these concepts to solve problems.

Uploaded by

kangkong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Diffierential Calculus

Functions
A function is a set of ordered pairs of
real numbers (x,y), in which no two
distinct ordered pairs have the same
first number
The totality of all possible values of
x is called the domain and the totality
of all possible values of y is called
range
Even and Odd Functions
A function is an even function if f(-
x)=f(x) and the graph is symmetric with
y-axis

A function is an odd function if f(-x)=-


f(x) and the graph is symmetric with
origin
 
Even and Odd Functions
Operations of Functions
Sum: f+g=f(x)+g(x)
Difference: f-g=f(x)-g(x)
Product: f•g=f(x)•g(x)
Quotient: f/g=f(x)/g(x), where in g(x)≠0
Composition: f◦g=f(x)◦g(x)
Composition of Functions
f◦g=f(g(x))

g◦f=g(f(x))

f◦f=f(f(x))

g◦g=g(g(x))
Composition of Functions
Limit of a Function

Right Hand Limit

Left Hand Limit


Basic Limits
Example
Theorem on Limits
Example
Continuity Functions
Example
Example
Differentiation
Standard Formulas
Differentiation
Logarithmic Functions

Exponential Functions
Differentiation
Trigonometric Functions
Differentiation
Inverse Trigonometric Function
Differentiation
Hyperbolic Functions
Differentiation
Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
Example
Example
Example
Implicit Differentiation
Chain rule
Related Rates
Related Rates
Indeterminate Forms
0/0, ∞ /∞
 ∞-∞, 0•∞
00, ∞∞
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Maxima and Minima
First Derivative Test
◦ The function, y=f(x) is a maximum at
x=a if
y´>0 for x<a
y´=0 for x=a
y´<0 for x>a
◦ The function, y=f(x) is a minimum at
x=a if
y´<0 for x<a
y´=0 for x=a
y´<0 for x>a
FDT
x<-1 y´>0
x=-1 y´=0 (-1,3) is max
-1<x<1 y´<0
x=1 y´=0 (1,-1) is min
x>1 y´<0
Second Derivative Test
The function y=f(x) is maximum at x=a
if f´(a)=0 and f´´(a)<0
The function y=f(x) is minimum at x=a
if f´(a)=0 and f´´(a)>0
Iff´(a)=0 and f´´(a)=0, the test is
inconclusive
FDT
-1<x<0 y´>0
x=0 y´=0
0<x<1 y´>0
Applied Maxima and Minima
Problems
1. Find the equation of tangent and
normal line to the ellipse 4x2+9y2=25
at point (2,-1)
2. Find the tangents of slope 2 to the
circle x2+y2=5.
Problems
3. A closed right circular cylindrical tank
that is to have a capacity of 128π cu.
m. Find the dimensions of the tank
that will require the least amount of
material in making it.
Problems
4. A man in a rowboat, 6 miles away
straight from the shore desires to reach a
point on the shore which is 10 miles from
his present position. If he can walk
4mi./hr. and row 2mi./hr. in what direction
should he row in order to reach his
destination in shortest possible time.

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