DBMS

DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Data Resource Management

Data resource management, also known as data

administration, deals with computer science and
information systems. Workers in this field help
design, control, protect, store, administer and
organize saved data. Normally, this information is
stored on databases with database management
systems or software. This data can be accessed by
members of the organization with the right clearance
via their computers.
 Why Study Databases??

• Shift from computation to information

• Datasets increasing in diversity and
volume.
– Digital libraries, interactive video, e-commerce,
company info, user info
– need for DBMS/data services
• DBMS encompasses several areas of
CS
– OS, languages, software's, hardware's,
multimedia, networking
 Data vs. information
• What is data?
– Data can be defined in many ways.
Information science defines data as
unprocessed information.

• What is information?
– Information is data that have been organized
and communicated in a related and meaningful
manner.
– Data is converted into information, and
information is converted into knowledge.
– Knowledge; information evaluated and
organized so that it can be used purposefully.
 File Based Systems

A collection of application programs that

perform services to end users.
• Each program defines and manages its
own data.
File Based Processing

Data Entry File handling

& Reports Routines
File Definition

Sales Files
File handling
Data Entry Routines
& Reports
File Definition

Lease Files
Limitations of File Based
Systems
• Separation & Isolation of Data
• Data Dependence
• Duplication of Data
• Incompatible file formats

How do we resolve these problems?

 The Database Approach

A shared collection
of logically related
data designed to
meet the
information
requirements of an
organisation
 Database Processing
Data Entry
& reports

Sales Application
Programs DBMS

Data Entry Database

& reports

Account App. Programs

 Advantages
• Minimal data
redundancy
• Consistency of data
• Integration of data
• Improved integrity
• Consistent security
• Standards
• Increased productivity
 Disadvantages
• Complexity
• Additional Hardware Costs
• Size
• Performance
• Experts -Specialised Personnel
• Potential organisational Conflict
• Higher impact of failure
 Introduction to DBMS
• A database management system (DBMS) is computer software
designed for the purpose of managing databases. Typical
examples of DBMS include Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access,
Microsoft SQL Server,
• Collection of interrelated data & a set of program to access
those data.
• Goal is to provide way to store and retrieve data in an efficient
and convenient manner.
• Word MANAGEMENT means- to provide mechanism for:
– Defining structure for storage of information.
– Providing mechanism for manipulation of stored data.
• Safety Mechanism
 Databases
• Database : A shared collection of logically related data
designed to meet the needs of multiple users in an
organisation.

Marketing Materials

Corporate
Database

Accounting Manufacturing
What is the ultimate purpose of a
database management system?

To Transform

Data Information Knowledge Action

 Why DBMS?

Managing Large Amount of Data

Efficiency – Controlling redundancy

Easy sharing and replication of data

Physical and Logical independence

 Why Use a DBMS?

• Data independence and efficient

access.
• Reduced application development time.
• Data integrity and security.
• Uniform data administration.
• Concurrent access, recovery from
crashes.
 Why do we need a database?
• Keep records of our:
– Clients
– Staff
– Volunteers
• To keep a record of activities
• Keep sales records
• Develop reports
• Perform research
Databases you may use
Features
Query Ability

Backup and Replication

Rule Enforcement

Security

Computation

Audit

Automated Optimizations
 Types of Databases
• Non-relational databases
• Relational databases
• Centralized databases
• Client/Server database
• Distributed databases
• Homogeneous databases
• Heterogeneous databases
• Hierarchical
• Network
• Object Based
Non Relational Databases

User

Database 1 Database 2
Relational Databases

User

Database 1 Database 2
Centralized Databases
Remote terminal
terminal/PC

Mainframe

Disk
Client/Server database
Database Server

Client

Client

Local Area Network

(LAN)
Printer
Distributed database
 Homogeneous databases
• Database technology
same/compatible at
each of the locations
– O/S same/compatible
Computer
– Data models same
– DBMS same/compatible Location B
– Common definitions
formats for data
• Simplify data sharing
Computer
• High level of planning Computer
Location C
required Location A
 Heterogeneous databases
Client
• Databases evolve over Database
time Server
(LAN)
– without planning
– different H/W
– different OSs
Communications
– different data models Server
– Syntactic differences (e.g.
different data field
representations)
Computer
Computer
Remote
Remote
Hierarchical Model databases

CUSTOMER

ORDER

ORDER ITEM SHIPMENT

 Network Model databases

CUSTOMER
CUSTOMER ORDER 1

ORDER 6

ORDER 2

ORDER 5

ORDER 4 ORDER 3
ORDER 3

ORDER ITEM 3

ORDER ITEM 1 ORDER ITEM 2

Choosing a Database
•Who will be using the database and what tasks
will they perform?
•How often will the data be modified? Who will
make these modifications?
•Who will be providing IT support for the
database?
•What hardware is available? Is there a budget for
purchasing additional hardware?
•Who will be responsible for maintaining the data?
•Will data access be offered over the Internet? If
so, what level of access should be supported?
Choosing a DBMS

Single User – Desktop databases

•MS Access •Alpha 5

•Filemaker Pro •Paradox

Multi User – Server databases

•Oracle •DB2
•MS- SQL Server •Informix

Web Enabled databases

•Oracle
•MS- SQL Server
 Database System App.
• Banking
• Airlines
• Universities
• Credit card transactions
• Finance
• Manufacturing
• Human resources
• Sales…
Advanced Applications

Scientific – Mapping, High energy physics

Satellite - Storage and retrieval of Images

Entertainment – Videos

Medical

Forecasting – weather info, maps

Objects in a DB

Tables

Rows

Attributes
 Tables
• Databases consists of many related tables.

• Table contains data.

• Table can be thought of as a class.

• Each row can represent the instances of the

class.
 Attributes

• An entity is represented by a set of attributes, that is

descriptive properties possessed by all members of
an entity set.

Domain – the set of permitted values for each attribute