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Histology of the Respiratory System

The document discusses the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the microscopic structure and key cell types found in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and thin-walled alveoli lined with squamous alveolar cells. A labelled diagram shows the branching structure from trachea to terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

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193 views14 pages

Histology of the Respiratory System

The document discusses the histology of the respiratory system. It describes the microscopic structure and key cell types found in the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The conducting portion includes the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The respiratory portion is where gas exchange occurs, including respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and thin-walled alveoli lined with squamous alveolar cells. A labelled diagram shows the branching structure from trachea to terminal bronchioles and alveoli.

Uploaded by

Abiola Nerd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HISTOLOGY

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES
• Name the branches of respiratory tube from
Trachea to Alveoli
• Describe the microscopic structure of the
Trachea,Primary,Secondary,and Tertiary bronchi.
• Describe various cells found in respiratory tract.
• Draw a labelled diagram of the histological
appearance of Transverse section of Trachea and
Lung.
CONTD
• Respiratory system includes the Lung and a
system of tubes that links the site of gaseous
exchange with the external environment.
• Respiratory system is primarily divided into 2
namely:
• Conducting portion
• Respiratory portion
CONTD
• Conducting portion includes Nasal
cavity,Nasopharynx,Larynx,Trachea,Bronchi,Br
onchioles and Terminal bronchiole.
• Respiratory portion where gaseous exchange
takes place includes,Respiratory bronchioles,
alveolar ducts and alveoli.
FUNCTION OF CONDUCTING PORTION

• Serves as conduit through which air can travel


to and fro Lung
• It conditions inspired air.
• Most conducting portion is lined with
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium, each
cell contains about 300cilia and beats towards
the Larynx.
DIAGRAM
• Larynx->Trachea->Primary bronchus->Rt&Lt
Bronchus.
• Lt bronchus->Secondary bronchus->Tertiary
bronchus->Bronchopulmonary segment-
>Terminal bronchiole->Respiratory bronchiole-
>Terminal respiratory bronchiole->Alveoli.
Trachea.
• Mucosa-consists of ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium, Goblet cells, Serous cells,
Intermediate epitheliocyte,Clara cells, Brush cell.
• Muscularis mucosa-Absent
• Submucosa-Consists of loose irregular
connective tissue,large bld&nerve vessel,serous
and mucuous gland,sympathetic nv
ending(bronchodilation),cholinergic post
ganglionic
Trachea
• External to the submucosa are perichondrium and
fibrous membrane to form Fibro-musculo-
cartilaginous layer which becomes modified into a U
shaped hyaline cartilaginous ring [Link] two
limbs of the U shaped cartilage faces posteriorly and
it is filled transversely disposed smooth muscle
[Link] are 16-20 rings in the trachea.
• Adventitia-The fibro cartilaginous layer is covered
with connective tissue that binds it to pretrachea
layer of cervical fascia.
SECTION OF TRACHEA
BRONCHUS
• Mucosa of bronchus is structurally similar to
mucosa of trachea. Bronchial cartilages are
irregular in shape and completely encircles the
lumen
• Lamina propria is rich in elastic fibres and
contain abundance of serous and mucous
gland.
SECTION OF BRONCHUS
• See any histology text
BRONCHIOLES
• Clara cells present in respiratory and terminal bronchiole
produce surfactant.
• Its diameter is less than 5mm.
• It does not have cartilage or glands.
• There are few scattered mucous gland
• Epithelium is ciliated columnar or simple cuboidal.
• Bronchial and bronchiolar smooth muscle are under
control of vagus and sympathetic nerve.
• Bronchiolar smooth muscle is more developed than
bronchial smooth muscle.
ALVEOLAR DUCT
• It is distal to the respiratory bronchiole
• Alveolar duct and Alveoli are lined by
Squamous alveolar cells/Type 1 pneumocytes.
• Smooth muscle disappear in alveolar duct
• Elastic and Reticular fibres provides only
support of the duct and its alveoli.
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
• Immotile cilia syndrome
• Respiratory distress syndrome.
• Sinusitis

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