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3-D Geological Logging Basics Guide

This document discusses the basics of 3-D geological logging. It describes how 3-D geological logs provide detailed three-dimensional representations of geological features exposed in excavated openings. Logs are prepared at scales of 1:100 or 1:200 depending on the size of the opening. Materials needed include measuring tapes, plumb bobs, torches, hammers, compasses, and graph paper. Logs are prepared in either the BIS crown opening format or invert opening format by noting intersection points of geological features with tapes and plumb bobs and joining the points on the graph. Examples of typical logs for a crown opening and vertical shaft are shown.

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294 views11 pages

3-D Geological Logging Basics Guide

This document discusses the basics of 3-D geological logging. It describes how 3-D geological logs provide detailed three-dimensional representations of geological features exposed in excavated openings. Logs are prepared at scales of 1:100 or 1:200 depending on the size of the opening. Materials needed include measuring tapes, plumb bobs, torches, hammers, compasses, and graph paper. Logs are prepared in either the BIS crown opening format or invert opening format by noting intersection points of geological features with tapes and plumb bobs and joining the points on the graph. Examples of typical logs for a crown opening and vertical shaft are shown.

Uploaded by

zmner
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASICS OF

3-D GEOLOGICAL LOGGING


ASHOK KUMAR
Director
Engineering Geology Division
Geological Survey of India, Lucknow
BASICS OF
3-D GEOLOGICAL LOGS
• Detailed three dimensional representation
of geological features exposed on the
excavated surface of an opening is termed
as ‘3-D Geological Log’
• Scale – 1:100 & 1:200
Drifts and small dia tunnels are logged on
1:100 while for large dia openings both
scales may be used depending upon the
extent of details needed.
Material for 3-D logging
• Measuring tapes – 30m & 3m
• Plumb bob with thread
• Powerful torch with good battery back-up
• Geological hammer
• Compass
• Graph sheet
• Pencil, eraser and ruler
• Clipboard
Preparation of 3-D Log

3-D geological log is prepared on one of


the two standard formats.

1. BIS or crown opening format

2. Invert opening format


Preparation of 3-D Log
• U/G structure is opened and
stretched to horizontal plane
for 3-D log.
• To plot a geological feature,
e.g. a joint, intersection of
the joint is noted at five
locations.
• Tape and plumb bob is used
to note the intersection
points.
• All points are joined to draw
trace of the joint.
Preparation of 3-D Log
BIS format
TYPICAL 3D GEOLOGICAL LOG-Crown opening
OPENING OF CIRCULAR TUNNEL

Crown

Left Spring

C/L

Right Spring

Crown
OPENING OF VERTICAL SHAFT

W E

S
N

E
W

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