TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
SHORING
SHORING
It is the means of providing support to get stability of a structure
temporarily under certain circumstances during construction, repair or
alteration.
Such circumstance arises when
1. The stability of a structure is endangered due to removal of a defective
portion of the structure.
2. The stability of a structure is endangered due to unequal settlement
during construction itself or in long run.
3. Certain alterations are to be done in present structure itself. Eg:
remodeling of walls, changing position of windows etc.
TYPES OF SHORING
Raking or inclined shores
Flying or horizontal shores
Dead or vertical shores
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
A raking shore consists of the
following components:
1. Rakers or inclined member
2. Wall plate
3. Needles
4. Cleats
5. Bracing
6. Sole plate
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
A raking shore consists of the
following components:
1. Rakers or inclined member
2. Wall plate
3. Needles
4. Cleats
5. Bracing
6. Sole plate
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
The following points are to be kept in view for the use of the
raking shores:
1. Rakers are to be inclined in the ground at 45 degree. However the
angle may be between 45 and 75 degree .
2. For tall buildings, the length of the raker can be reduced by introducing
rider raker.
3. Rakers should be properly braced at intervals.
4. The size of the rakers is to be decided on the basis of anticipated thrust
from the wall.
5. The centre line of a raker and the wall should meet at floor level.
6. Shoring may be spaced at 3 to 4.5m spacing to cover longer length of
the bar.
7. The sole plate should be properly embedded into the ground on an
inclination and should be of proper section and size.
RAKING OR INCLINED SHORES
Raking shore for Multistoried Building where inclination of the rakers has to
be limited due to short land width available
FLYING SHORES
1. Flying shores is a system of providing temporary supports to the party
walls of the two buildings where the intermediate building is to be
pulled down and rebuilt.
2. Components: wall plates,
needles, cleats, horizontal
struts (commonly known as
horizontal shores) and
inclined struts arranged in
different forms.
FLYING SHORES
1. A horizontal strut is placed between the wall plates and is
supported by a system of needle and cleats.
2. The inclined struts are supported by the needle at their top and
by straining pieces at their feet.
3. The straining piece is also known as straining sill and is spiked to
the horizontal shore.
4. The width of straining piece is the same as that of the strut.
5. When the distance between the walls (to be strutted apart) is
considerable, a horizontal shore can not be economical and a
trussed framework of members is necessary to perform the
function of flying shore.
FLYING SHORES
Flying shore when the distance between two walls is considerable
DEAD SHORES
Dead shore is the system of shoring which is used to render vertical
support to walls and roofs, floors etc when the lower part of a wall has
been removed for the purpose of providing an opening in the wall or to
rebuild a defective load bearing wall in a structure .
DEAD SHORES
The dead shore consists of an arrangement of beams and posts
which are required to support the weight of the structure above and
transfer same to the ground on firm foundation below.
When opening in the wall are to be made, holes are cut in the wall at such
a height as to allow sufficient space for insertion of the beam or girder that
will be provided permanently to carry the weight of the structure above.
Distance at which the holes are cut depends upon the type of masonry and
it varies from 1.2m to 1.8m centre. Beams called needles are placed in the
holes and are supported by vertical props called dead shores at their ends
on either side of the wall. The needles may be of timber or steel and are of
sufficient section to carry the load above.
DEAD SHORES
UNDERPINNING
UNDERPINNING
Underpinning is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the
foundation of an existing building or other structure.
UNDERPINNING
Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons:
1. When a building with deep foundation is to be constructed adjoining
a building which is built on shallow footings. Here the shallow footings
should be strengthened first.
2. In order to protect an existing structure from the danger of
excessive or differential settlement of foundation.
3. In order to improve the bearing capacity of foundation so as to
sustain heavier loads for which deepening or widening of
foundation is done.
4. In order to provide a basement for an existing structure.
METHODS OF UNDERPINNING
1. Pit method
2. Pile method
3. Chemical method
PIT METHOD
PILE METHOD
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