INCIDENT PREVENTION
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Scope :
3.1 Understand the concept of incident
3.1.1. Define incident
3.1.2. Define accident
3.2 Understand principle of insidents prevention.
3.2.1. Explain principle of incidents prevention.
3.3 understand accident causation theories
3.3.1 Determine three model of accident theory.
• Heinrich domino theory
• Bird loss causation model
• Multi-causality Accident Model.
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Scope :
3.4 Understand incident prevention costs.
3.4.1 List the design cost
3.4.2 List the operational costs.
3.4.3 List safe guarding of the future costs.
3.5 Know accident prevention programme.
3.5.1. State management comitment in accident prevention.
3.5.2. Develop the accident prevention planning.
3.5.3. Determine the accident prevention training.
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Type of incident :
1. Cause immediate injury or damage to equipment or property:
– A forklift dropping a load
– Someone falling off a ladder
2. That occur over an extended period:
– Hearing loss
– Illness resulting from exposure to chemicals
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Accident Causation Theories
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Example Cases 1
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Continue.
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Cost of an accident..
Cost of Accidents at
Workplace
Direct Costs:
Compensation
premiums/insurance
Medical fees, etc.
Indirect Costs:
Cost of maintanance
Overtime / labour cost
Legal Penalty
Damaged equipment
Kreadibility and Imej.
Direct Cost Hidden Cost
Insured item / insurance Uninsured item /cost yang
premium /cost yang boleh tidak dapat diinsuran:
diinsuran :
Kos perubatan Kos kerosakkan produk atau
bahan dan kualiti
Liabiliti Kerosakkan bangunan
Kos membina semula / Kos pembersihan kawasan
menggantikan peralatan kemalangan
rosak.
Kos kebarangkalian
dikenakan denda / kos
perundangan
kos kehilangan pendapatan
akibat kemalangan
kos kehilangan tenaga kerja.
Imej dan reputasi
Kos penyiasatan kemalangan.
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“Profit margin loss due to accident analysis show
that the break even contract value is very high
with profit margin assumption around 10%.”
(ex :proton shah alam – sell around 30
thousand car without any profit because of
accident)
“Studies show that uninsured cost were between
8 – 36 times greater then the cost of insurance
premium”
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INFO JKKP Page
PSAS 25
Another cost of incident..How about
MH370 ?.. Page 26
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Accident = unsafe condition + unsafe act
Due to investigation : basic root cause are
determine due to these definition.
Ex : 4W & 1H question ( why, when, where ,
who and how) …
Finding : lack of management control.
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Example :-
Unsafe act Unsafe condition
Operating without authority No effective guard or safety device
Use of unserviceable equipment No good housekeeping
Not using equipment properly Polluted environment
Not using PPE when required High noise level (more then 95DB/8
hours)
Incorrect lifting Exposure to hazardous substance
Drinking (alcoholic) or taking drug Poor illumination and ventilation
Horseplay (ex : playing air supply) Poor working , storage and
travelling space
No warnings Unserviceable tool and equipment
Unsecured (loose) equipment Inadequate warnings systems
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Risk:
A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event with
specified period or in specified circumstances
and the severity of injury or damage to the
health of people, property, environment or
any combination of these caused by the
event.
RISK = LIKELIHOOD x SEVERITY
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What is Risk assessment?:
The process of evaluating the risks to safety and health
arising from hazards at work.
Risk assessment results is documented and used for:
1. Risk control in OSH management
2. Future reference and review
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Basic Principles Of Risk Management
[Link] Risk Management as part of planning at all
levels
of business
2. Accept all risks
3. Make risk decisions appropriately (depending on level of
risk)
4. Manage the risk
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Why Carry Out Risk Assessment?
1. Gives organisations a more effective way of managing hazards
2. Requirement of the law e.g.
– OSHA 1994, CIMAH Regulations 1996/ Control Of Industrial
Major Accident Hazards. And
USECHH Regulations 2000/ Use And Standard of exposure of
chemical hazardous to health.
3. Requirement of OSH management system standards:
– MS 1722:2003,
– OHSAS 18001 and
– ISO 14001, etc.
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Risk Assessment Should Be Carried Out to
assess:stop here.
•Routine and non-routine activities including emergencies;
•Activities of all personnel having access to the workplace
(including subcontractors and visitors);
•Facilities at the workplace, whether provided-by the
organization or others.
Dangerous Workplace Accident Safety Video - Womens
Must Watch.mp4
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When To Carry Out Risk Assessment?
• Before Operation
• During Operation
• After Operation
New operation , new plant , new
When To Review material ,new technology applied ,
Risk Assessment?. new regulation or act etc..
Types of review
initial review
periodic review.
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Who Will Carry Out Risk Assessment ?
• Person or persons trained to identify hazard and risk assessment
– In some cases legally competent person, example : Chemical Health
Risk Assessor
• Consultation with and involvement of workers – Safety and health
committee OR workers and their representatives ( Involvement of
supervisors)
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Basic Components Of Risk Management
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Review
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