Introduction to Computer
Department of Computer & Software Technology
By
Kiramat Rahman
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 1
Out line
Basic operation performed by all computer
Basic organization of Computer System
Input Unit and its function
Output Unit and its function
Storage Unit and its function
Types of storage used in computer system
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 2
Basic Function Performed by
Computer
All Computer system perform the following five basic
operation for converting raw input data into useful
information and presentation it to user.
1. Inputting: Process of entering data and instructions
into a computer system.
2. Storing: Saving data and instructions to make them
readily available for initial or additional processing as
and when required.
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 3
3. Processing:
Performing arithmetic operations
( add, subtract, multiply, divide, etc.), or
logical operations ( comparisons like equal
to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data
to convert them into useful information.
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 4
4. Outputting:
Process of producing useful information or
results for a user, such as printed report or
visual display.
5. Controlling:
Directing the manner and sequence in which
the above operations are performed.
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 5
Basic organization of Computer System
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 6
Input Unit
In computer an input unit is any piece of
computer hardware equipment that provide
data and instruction to the computer system.
Input unit takes or reads data or instruction
from the outside world in human
understandable format and converts it into
computer understandable form and send it to
computer system
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 7
Input Unit Cont…..
Keyboads
Pointing Device(mouse, light pen, joysticks,
pointing sticks)
Composite devices (Game controller,
Gamepad or joypad)
Imaging and video input devices (canner, web
cam, digital camera, bar code reader)
Audio input devices( microphone, MIDI
keyboard or other digital musical instrument)
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 8
Output Unit
It accepts the results produced by the
computer, which are in coded form and
hence, cannot be easily understood by us.
It convert these coded results to human
accept (readable) form
It supplies the converted results to outside
world
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 9
Storage Unit
Data and instruction required for
processing(received from input devices)
Intermediate results of processing
Final results of processing, before they are
released to an output device.
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 10
Two Types of Storage
Primary Storage
Used to hold running program instructions
Used to hold data, intermediate results, and
results of ongoing processing of jobs
Fast in operation
Small capacity
Expensive
Volatile(looses data on power dissipation)
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 11
Secondary storage
Used to hold stored program instructions
Used to hold data and information of stored
jobs
Slower than primary storage
Large capacity
Lot cheaper that primary storage
Retains data even without power
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 12
Central Processing Unit
Its brain of Computer
Arithmetic Logic unit + Control Unit = CPU
Its is responsible for controlling the operation
of all other units of a computer system
ALU
Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is
the place where the actual executions of
instructions takes place during processing
operation
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 13
CPU cont….
Control Unit
Control unit of a computer system manages
and coordinates the operation of all other
components of the computer system.
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Software Technology 10/15/2020 14
The System Concept
A system has following three characteristics
1. A system has more than one element
2. All elements of a system are logically related
3. All elements of a system are controlled in a
manner to achieve the system goal
A computer is a system as it comprises of
integrated components (input unit, output unit,
storage unit, and CPU) that work together to
perform the steps called for in the executing
program
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 15
Q&A
Department of Computer &
Software Technology 10/15/2020 16
