l i sh
Eng
CAPITALIZATION
• Defintion
Materials
• Rules
• Exception: Lowercase
Reference List
Jens
Jens Martensson
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e fin ition
d
ES
KY TUN
FUN
Writing th
e word w
its first le ith
tter in
uppercas
e, and th
remainin e
g letter is
lowercas in
e
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RULES
#1
Capitalize the first word of a
sentence.
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RULES
RULES #2A
My favorite author is Jane Austin.
Capitalize names & other Tom and Diana met at Judy’s
proper nouns house.
Have you met my niece, Lola?
We experienced some beautiful
cit i es,
e s of
anies, Southern California weather last
Nam s , c o m p
art i es
r ie p
count s, political winter when we attended a
n
religio Catholic wedding in San Diego
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RULES
#2B
Capitalize monikers like Just wait until Mom sees this!
mom and grandpa when Just wait until Grandpa sees
they are used as a form of this!
address.
BUT
My mom is not going to like this.
My grandpa is not going to like
this.
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Jens Martensson
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RULES
Examples:
#3A
In general, do not capitalize We visited the Grand Canyon.
the word the before proper They're fans of the Grateful Dead.
nouns.
In special cases, if the
word the is an inseparable
part of something's official Example: We visited The Hague.
title, it may be capitalized.
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RULES
Examples:
#3B
It is not necessary to ….the city of New York
capitalize city, town, New York City
county, etc., if it comes
before the proper name. ….the county of Marin
Marin County
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#4 Capitalization Reference List
Capitalization Example
Brand names Kentucky Fried Chicken
Companies Krakatau Steel
Days of the week and months of the
Sunday - January
year.
Governmental matters Department of Agriculture
Historical episodes and eras the American Revolutionary War
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Capitalization Reference List…..contd
Capitalization Example
Institutions the Juilliard School of Music
Manmade structures the Eiffel Tower
Manmade territories Berlin, Montana, Cook County
Natural and man-made landmarks Mount Everest, the Hoover Dam
Andrew "Old Hickory" Jackson; Babe Ruth, the Sultan
Nicknames and epithets
of Swat
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Capitalization Reference List…..contd
Capitalization Example
American Center for Law and Justice, Norwegian
Organizations
Ministry of the Environment
Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
Planets
Neptune
Eskimo, Navajo, East Indian, Caucasian, African
Races, nationalities, and tribes American (Note: white and black in reference to race
are lowercase)
Capitalize the Bible (but biblical). Do not
Religions and names of deities
capitalize heaven, hell, the devil, satanic.
Special occasions the Olympic Games, the Cannes Film Festival
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Capitalization Reference List…contd
Capitalization Example
Streets and roads Saint Marry Road (St. Marry Rd)
Holidays Christmas, Thanksgiving, Eid Fitri
Eskimo, Navajo, East Indian, Caucasian, African
Races, nationalities, and tribes American (Note: white and black in reference to race
are lowercase)
Capitalize the Bible (but biblical). Do not
Religions and names of deities
capitalize heaven, hell, the devil, satanic.
Special occasions the Olympic Games, the Cannes Film Festival
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Exception: Lowercase Reference List
Capitalization Example
antelope, black bear, Bengal tiger, yellow-bellied
Animals
sapsucker, German shepherd
Elements einsteinium, nobelium, californium
Foods (except for brand names, proper
Tabasco sauce, Russian dressing, pepper crusted
nouns and adjectives, or custom-named
bluefin tuna, Mandy's Bluefin Surprise
recipes)
Epstein-Barr syndrome, tuberculosis, Parkinson's
Medical conditions
disease.
poinsettia, Douglas fir, Jerusalem artichoke, organic
Plants, vegetables, and fruits
celery, Golden Delicious apples
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RULES
#5A
Chairman of the Board William Bly
Capitalize titles when they will preside at the conference.
are used before names,
unless the title is followed by The chairman of the board,
William Bly, will preside.
a comma.
Do not capitalize the title if it The governors, lieutenant
is used without a name. governors, and attorneys general
called for a special task force.
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RULES
Examples:
#5B Will you take my temperature,
Capitalize a formal title Doctor?
when it is used as a direct
address. We're sorry to report, Captain,
that we're headed for choppy
waters.
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RULES
#6 Examples:
Do not capitalize
occupations before full director Steven Spielberg
names. owner Helen Smith
coach Biff Sykes
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Jens Martensson
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RULES
We had three relatives visit from
#7 the West.
Capitalize specific Go west three blocks and then
geographical regions. turn left.
We live in the Southeast.
Do not capitalize points of We live in the southeast section
the compass. of town.
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RULES
Examples:
#8A
Always capitalize the first Lamarr said, "The case is far from
word in a complete over, and we will win.”
quotation, even
midsentence. Mario answered, “We can do it
better ”
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Jens Martensson
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RULES
#8B
Examples:
Do not capitalize the first
word of partial quotes. Lamarr said that the case was "far
from over" and that "we will win.“
Mario answered that “we can” do it
better.
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ES
KY TUN
FUN
Launch
IN
BOFF
Thank
You
