HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIEN
CES GRADE 12
TEACHER WILLYN JEAN C. APOSTOL
LET'S HAVE FUN TODAY !
GUESS THE WORD!
1. OMMCUYTIN
2. DILOSARIYT
3. TNEMGAGNE
4. NEZITICPISH
COMMUNITY,
ENGAGEMENT ,
SOLIDARITY AND
CITIZENSHIP
MELC/s:
1.explain the importance of studying community dynamics
and community action in relation to applied social sciences
and the learners’ future career options
2.define using various perspectives, e.g., social sciences,
institutions, civil society, and local/grassroots level
3.analyze functions of
communities in terms of
structures, dynamics, and
processes
4.differentiate typologies of
communities
Concepts and
Perspectives of
Community
Importance of
Understanding
Community Dynamics
and Community Action
The Living Commune
The word community in its
literal form is defined by two
characteristics” location and
social identification.
First, community can be defined
as a group of individuals
bound within a specific
geographic location. It means
that a group of people living in a
specific area can be called
community.
The second definition,
community is an example of a
collective that identifies
common traits, goals and
customs.
A community is a living social entity and goes
beyond the old categorization of space as its
primary definition. Community is made up of
people: you and I. People within the community
act in the same way and of same importance.
Like cells, we need each other to support life.
The Basics of Community
When we think about community, we
think of how the people come together
to form a singular faction. We see it as a
structure made up of individuals bound
by something abstract and unforeseen. It
is not as simple a such, as the community
is bound because of self-help.
However, self-help defines a
community once each individual
wants and needs intersect,
therefore justifying a need to
unify.
Community Participation
Individuals can provide their own contributions through
the acts of volunteerism in projects and other communal
activities. More so, participation is not only focused on
being part of an ongoing project but an individual should
also be an active member by taking part in the managerial
and organizational development of the community, which
includes the conceptualization, planning, and review
initiatives.
The Community as a Movement
A community is more than just a collective. It acts much like a
living entity that takes on life. Living within the imaginations of its
members, a community also embodies a perspective, identity, and
stand, much like a social movement.
A social movement, is more issue-specific and may exist
primarily for its own purpose, while a community may embody
several social movements within an ecosystem.
Indifference in an Era
of Connectedness
We live in a world that is continually being interconnected b
y the intersections of groundbreaking technology, social inn
ovations and political re-calibrations all over the world throu
gh direct effects of globalization and free-market economy.
Right now, we may have one or more gadgets for communic
ation or electronic messaging in several platforms. It is clear
that our society has come a long way from sending trained p
igeons to vast distances to the technology that we have righ
t now where information is now accessible and available for
everyone.
DEFINITIONS OF
COMMUNITY
DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNITY
Communities are diverse. They are never st
atic entities that are simplistic and narrow.
This diversity of a common idea exposes th
e narrative that is vibrant and ever changin
g or evolving until this day.
SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE
The social sciences are regarded simply as th
e study of people and societies.
Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age) - Hunter-G
atherer
Around 2.5 million years ago, our earliest
human ancestors survived as hunter-gatherer
s during this era. The earliest men crafted to
ols from rocks and other materials they coul
d find. These tools were used basically for c
utting and chopping.
Mesolithic Age ( Middle Stone Age) Horticultural an
d Agricultural
The Mesolithic Age (9,600 BCE, right after the ice ag
e) is the turning point of human evolution. It was during t
his time that human-gatherers were having a less vital c
ommunal function. This was during this time, due to the
changing environment they were in, humans started to c
ultivate more sustainable sources of food. They cultivate
d plants and then, later they formed an agricultural socie
ty.
Neolithic Age - Agrarian
In this age, communes were more efficient than in the previo
us ages. Herding was added to agriculture as their main sou
rces of food. Having evolved from hunting and gathering, he
rding was the start of a more complex society moving away.
Humans developed tools using sturdier materials such as m
etals, which they developed later as farming equipment.
Sociological Perspective
Sociology is a branch of social science that analyzes the history, evol
ution, structure , and functions of societies. Sociology is employed in
observing the community in a more sociological perspective , by focu
sing on the subject across agencies, from individual (micro level) to a
larger and broader subject (macro level) which includes institutions a
nd other groups.
I n t r a d i t i o n a l s t u d y o f s o c i o l o g y, t h e f o c u s o f t h e s t u d y f a l l s w i t h i n t h e s e t o p i c s :
1.Social Stratification
This will split into lower class, middle class, and upper class to ide
ntify the various strata within the society.
2.Social class
The direct result of classifying people in accordance to material w
ealth, relative social value, or other traits.
3.Social mobility
Study how individuals or groups moves across classifications and
stratifications. Mobility in this regard is the transition of subjects in v
arious social identities within a determined structure.
4.Religion
It is how people classified by using core religious b
eliefs and practices. Religion is recognized as one pri
mary influences that contribute to individual identity a
nd social norms.
5.Sexuality
One of the topics that identify people and groups th
rough their sexual norms,orientation, interest and beh
avior.
Institutional perspective
What are Institutions?
Institutions are grand social structures that are
made up by individuals which, when viewed as
a whole, exhibit patterns of behavior that create
conventions and norms in our society.
Government Institutions
The government , as an institution, grants its citizen
with liberties and rights. In essence, the government
has the power to lead and governs its citizens within t
he confined territory. Guided by its laws and constituti
on, the government can create policies and laws that
can alter from the simplest factors as changing traffic
route, to all encompassing decisions such as switchin
g to clean energy.
Economic institution
Economists see institution as the mechanism in whic
h goods , services, and money are distributed.
Family Institutions
Our own families are considered as the building block
s of our society.
Religious Instituti ons
Religion is one of the pillars from which our civilization is built.Upon birth, religion, asi de from the
family we have, plays a huge part on how we create our identities.
Educational Institutions
Education takes up a quarter of our whole lives. Our whole development from infancy to adulthoo
d incubates within the ivory towers of the educational institution. It is where we learn respect for o
ur authority, the need for compliance, and even the price we have to pay for complacency and dev
iance from set standards and rules.
ELEMENTS AND TYPOLOGIES OF THE COMMUNITY
=SOCIETAL STRUCTURES
1.Social Status and roles
Social status is all about dynamic of individual identi ty relative to its social environment. This
interaction between the self and the community equates to the individuals stature in said setting.
A role is a set of defined and expected behavior and norms that is ascribed to a certain social stat
us. We all have our roles in our communities.
Social Structure pertains to the interrelation of behaviors, roles, and status which constitute a sta
ble network of social interactions and rel ations.
Political Structure
politics has already been established as one of the mains cogs that have influence over instit
utions . politics is about power, governance, administration and decision-making. It is also defined
not just by the governement, but also by groups, other institutions , pressure groups, social move
ments and people as parts of the political landscape.
Here are some basic information that you have to remember on the barangay according to Local G
overnment Code of the Philippines:
Chapter 1. ROLE AND CREATION OF THE BARANGAY
Section 384. Role of the Barangay. -
SECTION 385. Manner of Creation. -
SECTION 386. Requisites for Creation.
CHAPTER 2 - Barangay Officials and Offices
SECTION 387. Chief Officials and Offices. -
SECTION 388. Persons in Authority. -
Economic Structure
Societies run on production and consumption. The economic system of modern communities is the
market economy. Here, the market is free to produce what to kae, how to make it, and who is it for
.
Social Typologies
RURAL ,SUBURBAN, URBAN COMMUNITIES
URBAN SUBURBAN RURAL
Urban communities are are ares that tread between urban Rural communities are located in
settlements that are highly and rural communities . These the countryside. The houses are
congested because of the dense settlements are located in the far from each other and the
population that can reach outskirts of urban areas and are density of people living here is the
millions within a limited space. less dense than urban areas or are least from three. Because there are
Due to the volume of people , composed of medium-sized less people , access to markets and
buildings and structures are near population. Suburban areas are schools are far and requires a long
each other and economic centers, most filled with houses, driveor different forms of
schools and leisure areas are very subdivisions, and private estates transport.Livelihoods are mostly
near factories, office spaces and rather than factories and shops. from farming and livestock living.
markets.Some people are living in Access to schools and markets are
high-rise buildings because of the farther than in urban areas. The
limited available space in the area. buildings are low-to-mid-rise and
people live in houses with large
living spaces and usually with
yards.
Pollution Limited economic activity Lack of access to basic services
High cost of living Underdeveloped markets
High crime rate
Formal and Informal Sectors
Formal sector Informal sector
This sector is composed of establishments, Those who are part of the informal sector lack
businesses, and other enterprises that are legal the requirements and licenses from the
based on their compliance to, government government because they fail to register, they
requirements such as licenses because they have tend to disregard the regulations and policies
successfully attained all the requirements. put up by the government , thus, they are not
Alongside their workers and customers, are also taxed in their income and real properties.
continually being supervised and protected by Since, they are not supervised, their workers
the government and its policies. In exchange, and customers, in the case of business
they follow the regulations and also are taxed by establishments. Are also not protected, thus
the state. limiting their bargaining rights ince they
make a demand. This sectos is often described
by economists as the shadow economy
because its exists behind state supervision.
Thank you
C l i c k h e r e t o a d d t h e t e x t , t h e t e x t i s t h e r e f i n e me n t o f
your thought, and please try to explain the point of vie
w as succinctly as possible.
