Seminar on
biomedical waste
management
By:- Gamit Nikita
Introduction
Biomedical waste is generated from biological
and medical sources and activities such as the
diagnosis, prevention or treatment of
diseases.medical facilities generate waste hazardous
chemicals and radioactive materials.While such
wastes are normally not infectious that require
proper disposal.
Hospitals are the institutions responsible for taking
care of public health which encompasses both
patients care as well as maintenance of a clean and
healthy environment congenital to the good health
and prosperity of all its working members. Hospital
waste management is a part of hospital hygiene and
maintenance activities.
Definition:
• Wastes:
" Something which is not put into proper usage a
t a given time."
• Biomedical waste:
" Any waste which is generated during the diag
nosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or
animals or in research activities pertaining there to o
r in the production or testing of biological.
Objectives Of BMW managemen
t:
• To minimize the production/generation of infective
waste.
• Recycle the waste after treating to the extent possi
ble.
• Treat the waste by safe and environment friendly/a
cceptable methods.
• Adequate care in handling to prevent health care-a
ssociated infections.
• Safety precautions during handling of BMW.
Classification of BMW
Pharmaceutical
Infectious waste
waste
Pathological waste Genotoxic waste
Sharps Chemical waste
Wastes with high Pressurized
Content of heavy container
metals
Radioactive waste
Classification of Biomedica
l waste:
1. Infectious wastes:-
Infectious waste suspected to contain Pathogens (Bact
eria,Viruses, parasites,Or fungi)
in sufficient quantity to cause diseases in susceptible host
s.
This category includes:-
• Cultures and stocks of infectious agents from laboratory
work.
• Wastes from surgery on patients with infectious disease
s.
Classification conti....
2. Pathological wastes:-
It consists of tissues, organs,body parts, human
fetuses, and animal carcasses, blood , body fluids.
3. Sharps:-
These are the Items that could cause cut or pu
ncture wounds includings;
Needles
Conti......
Scalpel and other blades
Knives
Infusion sets
Broken glass and nails.
Prickers etc.
4. Pharmaceutical Wastes:-
It includes expired,unused, spiltand contaminate
d,
Pharmaceutical products
Drugs
Vaccines
conti.....
5. Genotoxic wastes:
Genotoxic waste is highly hazardous and may have;
Mutagenic
Teratogenic or
Carcinogenic properties
It raises serious safety problems, both inside the hospit
als and after disposal, and should be given special attenti
on.
It includes certain cytostatic drugs,vomits,urine, or fec
es from patients treated with cytostatic drugs,chemicals,
and radioactive materials.
conti.....
6. Chemical wastes:
It consist of discarded,
Solids
liquids and
Gaseous chemicals
Chemical waste may be hazardous or non h
azardous.It is considerd to be hazardous if it
has atleast one of the following properties;
Toxics
Corrosive( acid and base)
Conti......
Flammable
Reactive
Genotoxic
7.Wastes with high content of heavy metals:
It represents a subcategory of hazardous chemic
al waste, and is usually highly toxic.
It includes;
Batteries
Broken thermometers
Blood pressure gauges
Conti....
8. Pressurized container:
Many types of gas are used in health care, and are
often stored in pressurized cylinders, cartridges, and a
erosol cans.
Most common gases used in health care includes;
Anesthetic gases
Ethylene oxide
Oxygen
Compressed air
conti.....
9. Radioactive wastes:
It includes the X-rays , α and β particles, and
Y - rays emitted by radioactive substances.
Sources of Biomedical waste
:
House hold waste
Industries
Education institutes
Research centers
Blood banks
Clinical laboratory
Health care establishments; hospitals,clinics,home
care centers etc
Bio tech institutions
Steps in the management of
bio medical waste:
Survey of waste
generated
segregation of
hospital waste
Collection and
categorization of waste
conti......
Storage of waste ( not
beyond 48 hrs)
Transportation of
waste
Treatment of waste
Methods of Disposal Of biome
dical waste and their Segreg
ation:
Waste category Type of waste Treatment or
disposal methods
Category 1 Human anatomical Incineration/ deep
waste burial
Category 2 Animal waste(animal Incineration/ deep
organ ,body fliud ,tissues burial
etc)
Category 3 Microbiology and bio Autoclaving/Microwavin
technology Waste g/incineration
Conti......
Category 4 Waste sharps DisinfectIng/autoclavin
g/Microwaving/shredd
ing
Category 5 Discarded medicine Incineration/destructio
and Cytotoxic drugs n And drugs disposal in
secured land fills
Category 6 Soiled Incineration
wastes( contaminated /microwaving/autocl
by blood and any aving
solutions)
Category 7 Solid waste ( iv set, Disinfecting by
tube,catheter ,ryles chemical/microwaving
tube etc) &mutilation/Autoclavin
g/shredding
Conti.....
Category 8 Liquid Disinfecting by
waste(laboratory, chemical/descharge
washing cleaning, into drains
Housekeeping etc)
Category 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal
( From incinerated landfills
waste material)
Category 10 Chemical Descharge into drains
waste(Chemicals used for liquid/Secured
in disinfecting like landfills if solid
insectisides etc)
Colour coding for segregatio
n of Biomedical waste:
Colour Waste Treatment
Yellow Anatomical waste, Incineration/Deep
Soiled cotton /linens burial
/dressing/tissues etc
Red Disposable Autoclaving/microwavi
things/tube,iv line,iv ng/chemical treatment
set, syringes ,catheter
etc
Black general waste, rapers, Disposal in secured
plastic begs,papers etc landfill
White Sharps: Chemical treatment
needles,prickers,scalp &destruction/shreddin
Container/Blue els,blades etc /glass g
materials
Role of nurse in Biomedical
waste management:
Regular visit to all wards and high risk unit.
Ensuring that samples ( blood, stool, urine etc) are col
lected and dispose safely.
Monitoring and supervising the staff weather they are
doing safe disposal of waste as colour coded.
Prevention of hospital acquired infections by followin
g universal precautions.
Use PPE ( personal protective equipment) while handl
ing waste.
Avoid needle stick injuries.
Conti....
Collect waste when bin is 3/4th full.
Aviod using common lift to move a waste.
Avoid spillage.
Clean spills with disinfectant.
Precautions taken during Bi
omedical waste management:
① Never overload bins used for storing biomedical w
aste.
② General waste to be put in black container.
③ Display the biohazardous symbol and the types of
waste to be put in each container as per schedule.
④ Never transfer sharps directly from person to per
son.
⑤ Do not inhale chemicals directly.use always mask.
Summary:
• After completion of seminar the group is able to un
derstand about the definition, objectives,sources , c
lassification according to category and colour codin
g,methods of disposal of waste, steps of BMW, role
of nurse in BMW and last precautions taken during
BMW.
Conclusion:
• Refuse disposal can not be solved without public ed
ucation.individual participation is required.municip
alty and government should pay importance to disp
osal of waste economically.Thus educating and moti
vating oneself first is important and then preach ot
hers about it.start disposing waste first from within
our home then out side home,then neighborhood t
hen street,area, city and then the nation and the w
orld.
Bibliography:
• https://www.biomedical waste management.com
• https://www.role of nurse in bmw.net.com
• Basavanthappa BT" Nursing theories,1st edition,20
07,jaypee brothers publication,new delhi,page no.-
570-586
Assignment:
• What are the other methods used for disposing the
waste?
THANK
YOU 😊
