NATIONAL SERVICE
TRAINING PROGRAM
Prepared by
Marjorie P. Garcia
Faculty, CAS
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OVERVIEW :
Why students need to take or enroll the
National Training Program (NSTP)?
Background information on the
establishment – legal and historical
backdrop of the NSTP
Components of the NSTP, with
emphasis on the Civic Welfare Training
Service (CWTS)
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OBJECTIVES:
Trace the historical and legal background on the
establishment of the NSTP;
Identify the laws related to the establishment of
the NSTP;
Discuss the objectives of the different
components of the NSTP, with emphasis on the
CWTS; and
Relate the importance of the NSTP in helping the
community and the nation.
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INTRODUCTION:
Historically, many human civilizations
emerged from wars between clans or tribes
The most common cause – competition for
territories and natural resources
The clan or tribe with superior military
weapons and strategies or tactics oftentimes
turned out to be a conqueror.
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INTRODUCTION:
The weaker clan or tribe is destroyed.
Others who were defeated were turned to be
slaves or absorbed into new empire.
Because of this reason – the military has
become an indispensable social institution.
Function of military – before it was used only
to conquer other clans or states but today it .
Become an instrument to preserve territories
and to protect the people.
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Forms of Threat:
1. Internal Threats
Threats to the security of the people that come
from internal forces
Ex. political, religious or economic cleavages’,
schisms or divisions resulted to rebellion,
secession or revolution e.g. The case of east
Timor, once a province of Indonesia
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2. External Threats
Threats to the security of a nation and
its people that come from outside forces
Ex. Desire of nations to own outside
their territorial boundaries e.g. The case of
east China claiming the Scarborough
Shoal and Spratly islands
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The right of every country to protect its
people against external and internal threats
or aggression is a principle guaranteed by
the United Nations (UN) and approved by
other countries
Every politically civilized state or country
has the unquestionable right to use “military
force” to protect its territory against
aggression.
However, all possible peaceful means must
be used first before resorting to war. This is
equivalent to self-defense or self-
preservation.
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The UN principle on self preservation is also
expressed in the constitutions of different
countries. In the Philippines, Article II, section
3 of the 1987 Constitution states:
“Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over
the military. The Armed Forces of the
Philippines is the protector of the people and
the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty
of the State and the integrity of the national
territory.”
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But the responsibility of protecting the
country is not the exclusive responsibility of
the Philippine AFP and the government.
The people are likewise needed in
protecting and in the preservation of the
country’s territory.
This is the reason for the establishment of
the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)
– to train and prepare the Filipino citizens in
protecting the country.
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RELEVANCE OF MILITARY TRAINING:
The Philippines now face new threats – both
international and national.
The breakdown of national barriers or
boarders poster cooperation and amity
among nations.
There are still circumstances when internal
problems (e.g. religious cleavages, terrorism,
epidemic) are “exported” to others countries
making the problem global.
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RELEVANCE OF MILITARY TRAINING:
These problems more often than not entail
military intervention and/or active participation
o the people/citizens, hence the relevance of
the revised ROTC, or the establishment of
the National Service Training Program
(NSTP).
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HISTORICO-LEGAL BACKGROUND:
Historical Origin of the Establishment of the
NSTP that led to the enactment of Republic
Act No. 9163, otherwise known as the NSTP
Law.
1. Evolution of NSTP from ROTC
2. Constitutional Provisions
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EVOLUTION FROM ROTC:
Spanish Colonization - establishment of the
Philippine Revolutionary Government in the
Tejeros Convention
Some, argued that ROTC started in 1912
when military action started in the University
of the Philippines (UP)
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EVOLUTION FROM ROTC:
The late Senator Blas Ople said that it was
Colonel Ike Eisenhower, then a staff of
General Douglas McArthur, who drafted
Commonwealth Act No. 1 otherwise known
as the National Defense Act signed by
Manuel L. Quezon on December 23, 1935,
this law “…designed the Philippine Army as a
citizen army. Filipino youth at the age 18
were supposed to be the subject to military
training (Ople, 2001). As a result, military
training became a compulsory for male
college students before graduation.
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CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
Presidential Decree No. 1706
3 Main Programs:
Military Training Service (MST)
Civic Welfare Service (CWS)
Law Enforcement Service (LES)
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CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS:
During the time of President Ferdinand E.
Marcos, Presidential Decree 1706 (otherwise
known as National Service Law) was issued.
Section 2 of PD No. 1706 states: National
service shall be obligatory for all citizens of
the Philippines. As used in this decree,
“National service” shall consist of three main
programs namely: civic welfare service, law
enforcement; and military service.
Each citizen shall render national service in
any of the three main programs.
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ENACTMENT OF RA 7077:
September 17, 1991 Congress passed
Republic Act No. 7077 otherwise known as
The Citizen Armed Forces Reservist Act.
Under this law, graduates of ROTC basic and
advance courses were considered
“reservists” or citizen soldiers.
Section 38 of RA No. 7077 provided that
students in colleges, universities and similar
institutions were required to enroll in the
ROTC program.
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ENACTMENT OF RA 9163- NSTP LAW:
In response to the call of the public for
reforms in the ROTC programs the R.A. No.
9163 was passed and signed into law by
President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on
January 23,2002 and was implemented in
school year 2002 to 2003.
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AIMS OF NSTP:
Besides military service, students may choose
to render personal or civil welfare, with the aim
that the youth as partners of the State in
promoting civic consciousness, shall develop
their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and
social well-being.”
The NSTP also aim to instill patriotism,
nationalism and involvement in public and civic
affairs.
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COMPONENTS OF NSTP:
1. Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)
Topics usually include in the program of
instructions of the ROTC are military
indoctrination, training of individual soldiers,
individual protective measures, basic
weapons training and marksmanship, and
drills and ceremonies.
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COMPONENTS OF NSTP:
1. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
Designed to train students to teach literacy
and numeracy skills to school children, out of
school youth and other segments of society in
need of their service.
2. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
There are two major elements of the CWTS
course: these are defense preparedness and
civic consciousness.
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3. Reserve Officers’ training Corps (ROTC)
ROTC deals with “defense preparedness” I
the context of military.
The CWTS affords to a more socially inclined
paradigm – one way of preparing the the
citizens for any threats on national security is
through understanding the expanded
meaning of defense preparedness and
becoming more responsively conscious to
heir society (CIVIC CONSCIOUSNESS).
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Elements of the CWTS Course
1.Defense preparedness
The best way to defeat and overcome a
threat is by means of being ready for use or
action.
Ways :
Military defense preparedness
Preparedness through meaningful human
development
Preparedness trough sustainable
development
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2. Civic Consciousness
Combination of two words:
Civic – connotes society or community
Consciousness –means being aware of our
physical and social environment
Involves awareness on our roles, responsibilities and
duties as members of a community or citizens of a
nation, and this awareness also calls for action.
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Four Concepts that Guide Civic Consciousness
Activities
1.It must ne NEED-BASED.
Civic consciousness activities (projects or programs)
must be based on the real needs of the community.
Plans and projects should be implemented according
to needs assessment for it to have a greater possibility
of success.
Plans and projects that prescribed or imposed
indicates a greater tendency for programs and projects
to fail.
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2. It must be anchored on VOLUNTEERISM.
Volunteerism
– the compassion to make a difference in other
people’s lives.
- willingness to take action to build the kind of
community we want to live or build an ideal
community that society needs.
A volunteer need to have an open hand and an
open heart.
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3. It must have the spirit of FREE-ENTERPRISE
Free- enterprise means the liberty to undergo an
undertaking specifically a business venture.
The concept of free-enterprise encourages
entrepreneurship and competition among
entrepreneurs in order that the competing parties
improve their products.
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4. It must thrive in the spirit of SELF-REWARD.
Self-reward means a reward for virtue in the form of
pleasure or satisfaction.
Ex. Doing simple and exciting volunteer works
provide self-enriching and self- fulfillment while
offering many positive outcomes to the community
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Social Problems in Philippine Communities
1.Lack of basic necessities in life.
One of the frequently identified problems in the
country is poverty that results to the inability to supply
one’s self or family the basic needs.
To address this, the government and other
development organizations are delivering social
services along with providing employment to increase
their income.
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2. Disempowerment
Three forms of disempowerment:
•Psychological disempowerment – manifested by low
self-esteem which is evident in their lack of
aspirations to improve their destitute conditions.
•Social disempowerment – indicates lack of access to
of social power (i.e. social networking, acquisition of
knowledge and skills
•Political disempowerment – indicated by the situation
that, in most cases, the poor have little or nothing to
do in the formulation of policies and programs that
affect them.
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Those who are relatively well-off can claim to be
empowered because they have access to
resources that can enable them to pursue their
goals. Those who lack such access are relatively
disempowered, most likely these are the poor.
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3.Dehumanization.
Dehumanization exists when a person is robbed of
his human dignity.
Civic consciousness actions must be holistic. It
does not only aim at provision of material needs but
must also empower the community members in
deciding their actions towards the realization of their
humanity.
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THANK YOU!
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