VARICOSE VEIN
DISEASE
BY : NORSYHKERRA BINTI NAWIR
(DN18110048)
NORAISYAH BINTI PAISAL
(DN18110048)
DEFINITION
Varicose veins, also known as varicoses/varicosities, occur when your veins
become enlarged, dilated, and overfilled with blood. Varicose veins typically
appear swollen and raised, and have a bluish-purple or red colour.They are often
painful.
The condition is very common, especially in women. Around 25 percent of all
adults have varicose veins. In most cases, varicose veins appear on the lower
legs.
Incidence rate global and
national…
• Half of the adult population have minor stigmata of venous disease (women
50-55 per cent; men 40-50 per cent) but fewer than half of these will have
visible varicose veins (women 20-25 per cent; men 10-15 per cent). The data
suggest that female sex, increased age, pregnancy, geographical site and race
are risk factors for varicose veins; there is no hard evidence that family
history or occupation are factors. Obesity does not appear to carry any
excess risk.
RISK FACRORS & CAUSES
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Pregnancy
4. Family history
5. Obesity
6. Standing/sitting for long period
of time
7. Damage vein
Age
Aging causes wear and tear on the valves in your veins that help regulate blood flow.
causes the valves to allow some blood to flow back into your veins where it collects
instead of flowing up to your heart.
Gender
Women are more likely to develop the condition.
Hormone treatments, such as birth control pills, may increase your risk of varicose
veins.
Pregnancy
The volume of blood in your body increases.
This change supports the growing fetus, can produce an unfortunate side effect —
enlarged veins in your legs.
Family history
If other family members had varicose veins, there's a greater chance you will too.
Obesity
Being overweight puts added pressure on your veins.
Standing/sitting for long period of time
Your blood doesn't flow as well if you're in the same position for long periods.
Damage vein
If your veins have suffered traumatic damage, they may not be as strong as they
once were they can enlarge and become varicose veins.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Any risk factor/cause
↑ Control venous pressure
Dilation of vein
Valves stretched
Incompetent valve
Reverse blood flow
Calf muscle fail to pump blood
Venous distention
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
• Enlarge veins that are visible on skin
• Mild swelling of ankles and feet
• Painful, achy or “ heavy ’’ legs
• Throbbing or crampling in leg
• Itchy legs, especially in the lower leg and ankle
• Discoloration of skin surrounding the varicose vein
• Thrombophlebitis
Dignostic Test
1. Doppler test
- An ultrasound scan to check the direction of blood flow in the veins. This test
also checks for blood clots or obstructions in the veins.
2. Color duplex ultrasound scan
- This provides color images of the structure of veins, which helps the doctor
identify any abnormalities. It can also measure the speed of blood flow.
3. Trendelenburg test
To determine the site of venous reflux and the nature of the
saphenofemoral junction
Treatments..
1. Conservative treatment
- Losing weight if obesity
- Graded compression stocking
- Regular exercise
2. Injection
- Only for small varices below knee
3. Sugery
- Stripping of the varicose vein – removal varicose veins in
the leg
- Multiple ligation and excision
- Endovenous ablation of long saphenous vein
Medication...
1. Beta blocker therapy
- iv propanolol (Inderal)
2. Laureth-9 (polidocanol)
- Laureth-9 is a sclerosing (skler-OH-sing) agent. It works by increasing
the formation of blood clots and scar tissue inside certain types of veins.
This helps decrease dilation of enlarged veins.
3. Anticoagulant therapy
- Heprin : To reduce of clot formation
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Altered tissue perfusion related to chronic changes &
postoperative inflammation
Altered body comfort related to pain
Knowledge deficit related to disease process and
prevention
HEALTH EDUCATION
• Educate them to keeping a healthy weight
• Ask them to do the exercising regularly
• Tell them to put your feet up while sitting
• Not crossing your legs while sitting
• Tell them that do not wearing tight clothing
REFERENCESS
Black M.Joyce “ Medical-Surgical Nursing’’ Ed 6th Sanders Publication, 2009 from
world wide web : https://www.slideshare.net/jh_ajj/varicose-vein-5641121
Deepak Sudheendra, MD and Louise Cunningham, RN ,University of Rochester
Medical Center Rochester, NY (2019) from world wide web : https://
www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=85&contentid
=p08259
Amber Erickson Gabbey ( March 30,2017) Medically from world wide web :
• https://www.google.com/search?q=varicose+veins&oq=varicose&aqs=chro
me.1.69i59l2j69i57j69i59j69i60l2.5837j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
