Automotive Control
Systems
Leader:
BELINGON, MARK ANTHONY
Member:
GARZOTA, HERMINIO JR.
ESTACIO, MARY ANN
Automotive Control Systems
• ABS • S&G
• TCS • ACA
• ESP • OW
• 4WS • LW
• EPS • A/F Ratio Control
• Suspension • Knock Control
• AWD • Idle Speed Control
• Drive by Wire • Variable Compression Engine
• ANC • VVT
• AEM • ATC
• ACC • CVT
Antilock Braking System (ABS)
• 1. Reduce stopping
distance.
• 2. Maintain steerability.
• 3. Maintain lateral stability.
The Operation of ABS
• Minimize stopping
distance.
• Maximize tire-road
adhesion with wheel slip
control.
ABS Components
• Wheel speed sensors.
• Electronic control unit.
• Hydraulic modulator.
Wheel Speed Sensor
• Construction
• Magnetic core with
surrounding coil.
• Operation
• Magnetic field changes as
toothed gear wheel rotates.
• AC signal frequency depends
on wheel speed.
• ECU senses signal and
converts it to a square wave.
Traction Control System (TCS)
• Traction control prevents a
vehicle's wheels from spinning
excessively while on slippery
surfaces.
• Traction control is intended as
a driver aid which allows a
vehicle to make better use of
available traction on slippery
surfaces.
How TCS Works
• Depending on the type of traction control system fitted to
the vehicle, wheel spin is controlled by one or a
combination of the following:
• Brake application at one or more wheels.
• Closing the throttle.
• Retarding the spark.
• Fuel cutout.
• Leaner air/fuel ratio.
Electronic Stability Program/Control
• The electronic stability
program helps improve
cornering and control. By
monitoring the slip at the
wheels as well as the
driver's steering and
braking inputs, ESP can
sense differences between
the driver's intentions and
the vehicle's direction in
turns.
ESP Components
• A) active wheel speed
sensors
• B) steering angle sensor
• C) combined yaw rate
sensor/lateral accelerometer
• D) attached electronic
control unit (ECU)
• E) motor F) pressure sensor
• G) hydraulic unit
Automakers & Stability Control
• Audi: electronic stability program (ESP).
• BMW: dynamic stability control (DSC).
• DaimlerChrysler: electronic stability program (ESP).
• Ford motor company: advance Trac.
• General motors: active handling system (corvette), precision
control system (Oldsmobile), Stabilitrak (Pontiac, Buick, Cadillac).
• Jaguar: dynamic stability control (DSC).
• Lexus: vehicle skid control (VSC)
• Porsche: Porsche stability management (PSM).
• Volkswagen: electronic stability program (ESP).
• Volvo: dynamic stability traction control (DSTC).
Four Wheel Steer
• Improve low-speed
maneuverability.
• Smallest possible turn
radius.
• Improved handling at
high-speed.
• Increased vehicle stability.
Electric Power Steering
• Reduced engine drain.
• Improved fuel economy
and acceleration.
• Instant-on power steering.
• Added dependability and
assist even with engine
off.
Active Suspension
• Active suspension systems
move each wheel up and
down to control body motion
in response to road
abnormalities.
• With an active suspension, a
vehicle can simultaneously
provide the smooth ride of a
soft suspension along with
superior handling associated
with a firm suspension.
All Wheel Drive
• When accelerating, weight
shifts to the rear, reducing
traction in front and AWD
direct power to the rear
wheels.
• When braking, weight shifts
forward, reducing traction in
back. With AWD, power is
instantly directed to the front
wheels for better steering
control and braking
performance.
Drive by Wire
• Replacement of traditional
mechanical systems for
steering, braking, throttle
and suspension functions,
with electronic controller,
actuators and sensors.
Brake by Wire
• The braking process is
triggered in the
conventional manner by
the brake pedal; In the
process, the pedal
pressure and pedal travel
are measured by sensors
and converted into
electronic signals for the
electronic control unit
(ECU).
Sensotronic Brake Control
• Mechanical components are
replaced by electronics.
• Sensors pass the master cylinder
pressure and the speed with which
the brake pedal is operated, to the
SBC computer.
• To provide the driver with the
familiar brake feel, a special
simulator is linked to the tandem
master cylinder.
Steer by Wire
• Steer-by-wire system eliminates the mechanical
connection between the driver and the vehicle’s front
tires. The traditional steering elements are replaced by
two actuators positioned in the vehicle’s front corners.
These actuators receive input from the control module
and turn the front wheels accordingly. The system also
uses an electric motor to provide road feedback to the
driver’s hand wheel.
Electronic Throttle Control
• Electronic throttle
control (ETC)
replaces the throttle
cables that run from
the accelerator pedal
to the engine.
Active Noise Control
• Traditionally noise is
controlled by passive
methods: enclosures,
barriers and silencers.
• Active control is used
when passive noise
control methods don’t
work.
• Secondary sources are
used to cancel noise from
primary source(s) by
Active Vibration Control
• The primary way to cut off
paths of noise and vibration
from engine is to use soft
mounts. However, engine
mounts must also constrain or
control engine excursions
caused by rough roads, firing
in cylinders, wheel torque
reactions, etc.
Cruise Control Adaptive Cruise
Control
• Adaptive cruise control
• The cruise control system
(ACC) improves on
controls the speed of your traditional cruise control by
car the same way you do allowing a vehicle to
by adjusting the throttle automatically adapt to the
position. speed of highway traffic.
Stop and Go Anti Collision Assist
• The Stop & Go function • This system helps prevent
maintains longitudinal car collisions by sending the
control at low speeds, e.g. driver an acoustic or visual
when queuing on a signal to warn of the
motorway or waiting at a presence of standing or
traffic light. slow-moving obstacles in
the car's path. The system
also acts on the car's
brakes when necessary.
Overtaking Warning Lane Warning
• The blind spot coverage • This additional driving support
sensor warns of the presence function automatically detects
of vehicles about to enter the car position in relation to lane
side area not covered by the boundaries. The system
door mirrors. The sensor turns issues an advance warning if
on a warning light, which can the car inadvertently crosses
be used in conjunction with the lane boundaries. The road
the door mirror. The warning in front of the car is filmed by a
signal becomes acoustic when micro TV camera and the
the turn signal is activated. driver may select between
tactile or acoustic indicators.
Air/fuel Ratio Control Knock Control
• A fuel injector is an • Self inflammation of the air
electronically controlled valve. fuel mixture.
It is supplied with pressurized • Increased ambient
fuel by the fuel- pump in your temperature.
car. • Increased load pressure.
• Bad fuel quality.
• Usual actuation is a
retardation of the ignition
angle.
• An alternative input: reduce
boost pressure of turbo
charger.
Idle Speed Control
• If
the idle speed is
unstable, unpleasant
vibrations or engine
breakdown when started
may occur, or fuel
economy may drop.
• As a rule of thumb, fuel
consumption increases
proportional to engine
speed at idling.
Variable Compression Engine
• Improves fuel efficiency by up to 30 percent, reduces
tailpipe emissions, and doesn't negatively impact
overall performance.
• By adjusting the "slope" of the upper part of the engine
in relation to the lower part by the use of hydraulic
actuators, the Saab engine can vary the volume of the
combustion chambers. This, in turn, changes the
compression ratio.
Variable Valve Timing
• Valve timing changes with
operating conditions such
as engine speed and
throttle position.
• The engine can rev
higher, thus raises peak
power.
• Low-speed torque
increases, thus improves
drivability.
Adaptive Transmission Control (ATC)
• ATC adapts transmission shift parameters according to
individual styles of driving (e.g. aggressive vs. relaxed)
• Improves shift consistency and transmission durability
and allows for shifting that is better suited to specific
driver styles or operating conditions
Continuous Variable Transmission
• An infinite number of gear ratios
to optimize performance and fuel
efficiency.
• There are no more gear shifts
as such, which makes the CVT a
highly sophisticated gearbox for
high levels of driving comfort.
• The metal-link push belt permits
high torques of up to 400 nm to
be transferred.
THANK
YOU!!
