Course Title : Computer Application
Welcome to Presentation
Prepared By
Gazi Abid Raihan
& Md Nazmul Haque Khan
Instructor (Computer)
Gopalganj TTC
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Information Processing System
DATA is a collection of independent and unorganized
facts.
INFORMATION is the processed and organized data
presented in a meaningful form.
DATA PROCESSING is the course of doing things in a
sequence of steps.
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Information Processing System
COMPUTER is an electronic machine that follows a
set of instructions in order that it may be able to
accept and gather data and transform these into
information.
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PROCESSING
SYSTEM
DATA INFORMATION
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Functions of an Information Processing
System
1. It accepts and gather data. (INPUT)
2. It processes data to become information.
(PROCESSING)
3. It stores data and information. (STORE)
4. It presents information. (OUTPUT)
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Three Major Components of an Information
Processing System
HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer
system.
SOFTWARE is the non-tangible part that tells the
computer how to do its job.
PEOPLEWARE refer to people who use and operate
the computer system, write computer programs, and
analyze and design the information system.
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Basic Units of Measurement
BIT is a unit of information equivalent to the result of
a choice between only 2 possible alternatives in the
binary number system.
BYTE is a sequence of 8 bits (enough to represent one
character of alphanumeric data) processed as a single
unit for information.
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Basic Units of Measurement
A byte can be used to represent a single character,
which can be:
A letter
A number
A special character or symbol, or
A space
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Basic Units of Measurement
1,000 bytes =1 kilobyte (K or KB)
1,000 KB =1 megabyte (MB)
1,000 MB =1 gigabyte (GB)
1,000 GB =1 Terabyte (TB)
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BASIC PC HARDWARE
HARDWARE is the tangible part of a computer
system.
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Basic hardware of a PC system
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Memory Unit
Input Devices
Output Devices
Secondary Storage Devices
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1. Central Processing Unit
Brain of the computer.
It directs and controls the entire computer system
and performs all arithmetic and logical operations.
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2. Memory Unit
Where the programs and data are
stored .
READ ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
contains the pre-programmed
computer instructions such as the
Basic Input Output System (BIOS).
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
(RAM) is used to store the programs
and data that you will run. Exists
only when there is power.
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3.
Input Devices
Allows data and programs to be sent to the CPU.
Keyboard
Mouse
Joystick
Microphone
Webcam
Scanner
Monitor
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Keyboard
Traditional keyboards
Flexible keyboards
Ergonomic keyboards
Wireless keyboards
PDA keyboards
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Two Types of Mouse
Mechanical - a type of computer
mouse that has a rubber or metal
ball on its underside and it can roll
in every direction.
Optical: This type uses a laser for
detecting the mouse's movement.
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How a Mouse Hooks Up to a PC
PS/2 Mouse
Serial Mouse
USB/Cordless Mouse
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Other Pointing Devices
Trackball
Track point
Touch pad
Touch Screen
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Joystick – input device for
computer games
Light Pens – light-sensitive
penlike device
Stylus – penlike device
commonly used with tablet PCs
and PDAs.
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Scanning Devices
Optical scanners
Card readers
Bar code readers
Character and mark recognition devices
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Image Capturing Devices
Digital Cameras
Digital Video Cameras
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4. Output Devices
Media used by the computer in displaying its
responses to our requests and instructions.
Monitor
Audio Speakers
Printer
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Types of Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
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Printers
IMPACT PRINTERS uses pressure by physically
striking the paper. Ex. Daisy wheel printers, line
printers, dot matrix printers & band printers.
NON-IMPACT PRINTER does not apply pressure on
the paper but instead produces character by using
lasers, ink spray, photography or heat.
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Dot matrix
printer
Laser Inkjet printer
printer
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5. Secondary Storage Devices
Attached to the computer system to allow you to
store programs and data permanently for the purpose
of retrieving them for future use.
Floppy disk, Hard disk, CD Rom
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Floppy Disk
The most common secondary storage device
3.5” disk – 1.44MB
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High-Capacity Floppy Disks
Floppy disk cartridges
3 ½ inches in diameter
Stores more information
Zip disks
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Hard Disk Drive or Hard Disk
Made of rigid materials unlike floppy disks
Holds a greater amount of data
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Optical Discs
A standard part of modern desktop machines,
especially used for multimedia purposes and preferred
in loading applications.
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Kinds
Blue Ray Disk – 40G
Digital Versatile Disk
DVD-R – write once, 3.95G
DVD RW – rewritable, 3G
Single Layer and Double Layer
Compact Disk
CD-R – write once, 650MB
CD-RW – rewritable, 700MB
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Optical Drives
CD-ROM read CDs
CD-Writer read/write CDs
DVD-Combo read/write CDs, read DVD
DVD Writer read/write CDs
read/write DVDs
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Other Secondary Storage
Solid-State Storage
No moving parts
Flash memory cards
USB flash drives
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Parts that Build Up A System Unit
Casing or cover Sound card
Power Supply Floppy disk drive
Motherboard Hard disk drive
Microprocessor CD-ROM drive
Memory MODEM
Video Card
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Casing or cover
The box or outer shell that
houses most of the computer,
it is usually one of the most
overlooked parts of the PC.
Protects the computer
circuits, cooling and system
organization.
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Power Supply
Responsible for powering every device in your
computer.
Parts of a Power supply:
Disk drive connectors
Motherboard connector
Power supply fan
Power switch
Input voltage selector
Cover
Power plugs receptacle
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Motherboard
The physical arrangement in a computer that
contains the computer’s basic circuitry and
components.
Components are:
Microprocessor
(Optional) Coprocessors
Memory
Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Expansion Slot
Interconnecting circuitry
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Expansion Slots
Graphic cards
Sound cards
Modem cards
Network interface cards/network adapter
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Software
Instructions that tell the computer how to process
data into the form you want.
Software and programs are interchangeable.
Two major types:
System and Applications
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2 Kinds of Software
1. System Software enables the application software to
interact with the computer hardware.
Operating Systems are programs that coordinate
computer resources, provide an interface between
users and the computer; and run applications.
Utilities perform specific tasks related to managing
computer resources.
Device drivers are specialized programs designed to
allow particular input or output devices to
communicate with the rest of the computer system.
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Functions of a System Software
Managing resources (memory, processing, storage,
and devices like printer).
Providing user interface
Running applications
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2 Kinds of Software
2. Applications Software - provides the real
functionality of a computer. It help you use your
computer to do specific types of work.
Basic Applications, widely used in all career areas.
Specialized Applications, more narrowly
focused on specific disciplines and occupations.
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DOS and GUI Operating System
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Disk Operating System
DOS was the first widely installed operating system
for personal computers.
Command-driven
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MS-DOS Commands
A COMMAND is the name of a special program that
makes your computer carry out a task.
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Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Thru GUI, users can interact directly with the
operating system.
Microsoft Windows
Icons, Menus, Dialog boxes
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FILES
FILE is simply a collection of information that you
store on a disk or diskette.
Must have a unique name
Two parts: the filename and extension separated by a
period.
RECIPE.DOC
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EXTENSIONS
Use extension to make your filenames more
descriptive.
.DOC – word documents
.XLS – excel documents
.PPT – powerpoint documents
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DIRECTORIES
One way of organizing the files on your computer
Hard Disk
ROOT – one basic directory
Subdirectories
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Questions
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Thanks To All
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