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The Endocrine System

The endocrine system coordinates body functions through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland, which has anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones into blood vessels to target tissues, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hypothalamic hormones through a portal vein system. Together, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis via hormone signaling throughout the body.

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1K views11 pages

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system coordinates body functions through hormones secreted into the bloodstream. The hypothalamus regulates the pituitary gland, which has anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior lobe secretes hormones into blood vessels to target tissues, while the posterior lobe stores and releases hypothalamic hormones through a portal vein system. Together, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate growth, metabolism, and homeostasis via hormone signaling throughout the body.

Uploaded by

santhiyasandy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• The nervous and endocrine systems act together


to coordinate functions of all body systems
• A hormone is a mediator molecule that is
released in one part of the body but regulates the
activity of cells in other parts of the body
• Endocrine glands secrete their products
(hormones) into the interstitial fluid surrounding
the secretory cells rather than into ducts
HYPOTHALAMUS
• A small region of the brain below the thalamus
• is the major link between the nervous and
endocrine systems.
• Cells in the hypothalamus synthesize at least
nine different hormones
– Important roles in the regulation of virtually all
aspects of growth, development, metabolism, and
homeostasis
PITUITARY GLAND
• a pea-shaped structure that measures 1–1.5 cm in
diameter
• lies in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone.
• It attaches to the hypothalamus by a stalk, the
infundibulum
• has two anatomically and functionally separate portions
• the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.
• The posterior pituitary
•
Anterior Pituitary/Anterior
Lobe/Adenohypophysis
• about 75% of the total weight of the gland
• composed of epithelial tissue.
• has a two portions
– pars distalis and pars tuberalis
Hypophyseal Portal System
• Aorta
•  internal carotid arteries
• The superior hypophyseal arteries
• blood into the hypothalamus
•  primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal
system
•  secondary plexus of the hypophyseal portal
system in anterior pituitary.
Posterior Pituitary/ Posterior
lobe/Neurohypophysis
• composed of neural tissue.
• pars nervosa the larger bulbar portion and
infundibulum.
• Consists of axons and axon terminals of
hypothalamic neurosecretory cells.
• Has specialized neuroglia called pituicytes
Blood to posterior pituitary
• the inferior hypophyseal arteriescapillary
plexus of the infundibular process
– receives secreted oxytocin and antidiuretic
hormoneHypophyseal veins for distribution to
target cells in other tissues
Circulation of hormones
• The hormones from hypothalamus
– diffusion into primary plexus of the hypophyseal portal
system.
– portal veins
– secondary plexus.
– anterior pituitary
• Hormones secreted by anterior pituitary cells
– secondary plexus capillaries
– hypophyseal veins
– general circulation
– target tissues throughout the body.

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