SOUTH
Places and Landscapes in A Changing World
AMERIC
A
Presented by:
Josette O. Bonador
& Rosary Manaoag E. Occiano
Landscapes
01 03 & Natural
Overview Wonders
02 Culture 04 Issues
SOUTH
AMERICA
South America was part of a supercontinent
comprised of many southern hemispheric land
masses.
South America began to split apart from Africa 3
130 million years ago and separated from
Antarctica within the past 50 million years.
At 6.88 million square miles, it is the fourth largest
continent on Earth.
17,850,000 km2
Ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North America)
Desert, Grassland, Deciduous forest, 4
Rainforest, Savanna, Mediterranean
420,458,044 peopl
Broadly divided into seven different climate types
e
As of 2016
4 REGIONS OF SOUTH
AMERICA
Guianas
Brazil
5
Southern Cone
Andean States
South America’s by size
COUNTRIES
3 Stages of South America’s Geologic History
In which the present continental structure
emerged, occurred in the Mesozoic and
Precambrian time and was characterized Cenozoic eras and includes the breakup
by a complex series of amalgamations of Pangaea and Gondwana, the opening
and dispersals of stable blocks of of the South Atlantic Ocean, and the
protocontinental crust called cratons. generation of the Andean cordillera.
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2 3
1
Coincides with the Paleozoic, during which time the
cratons and material accreted to them contributed to
the formation first of the supercontinent Gondwana
and then of the even larger Pangaea
S O U T H A M E R I C A’ S
Fl
C U LT U R E
People
People 8
Language
Language
People
The PEOPLE of South America: History
• Evidence of human life in South
America dates back to 9000BC.
• One of the earliest South American
civilisations are recorded in Peru.
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• South America was colonised from the
late 15th century by foreign
conquistadores mainly from Spain and
Portugal, but also from the Dutch,
British and French.
People
The PEOPLE of South America
• The Incas were the largest group of
indigenous people in South America
when the Europeans arrived.
• The Incan Empire lasted from 1438
until 1533. Indigenous cultures still are
present in South America but the 10
numbers are diminishing.
• There are still Arawaks and Caribs in
Venezuela as well as Guarani in Brazil.
Language
The LANGUAGE of South
America
Portuguese is the official language in
Brazil.
English, Dutch and French are the
official languages in Guyana, Suriname
and French Guinea respectively. 11
Portuguese is the most spoken language of South
America, by a small margin. Spanish, with slightly
fewer speakers than Portuguese, is the second most
spoken language on the continent.
LANDMARKS AND LANDSCAPES
OF
SOUTH AMERICA
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NATURAL HISTORIC DESIGNED
WONDERS SITES LANDSCAPES
1. Natural Wonders
Iguazu Falls
o Acting as a natural border
between Argentina and Brazil,
Iguazu Falls is the largest
waterfall system in the world and
marks the point where the Iguazu
River divides into its upper and
lower sections.
o The falls’ name comes from the
Guarani, or Tupi, words “Y,” which
means water, and “Uasu,” which
means big.
HE LANDMARKS OF SOUTH AMERICA
1. Natural Wonders
THE AMAZON RIVER
o The Amazon River winds across the
majority of South America and extends
into four countries: Peru, Bolivia,
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Brazil
.
o As the largest river in the world by
discharge volume, and the longest by
some definitions, the river’s influence on
the natural landscape of the continent is
unparalleled.
HE LANDMARKS OF SOUTH AMERICA
1. Natural Wonders
Torres del Paine
o Mountains, glaciers, lakes, and rivers
cover this Patagonian wonder, making
the national park one of Chile’s most
visited destinations.
o The small mountain group’s three distinct
peaks give the park its name, which
translates to “towers of blue.”
o The closest Chilean city to the park is
Puerto Natales, which plays host to many
of the 252,000 people who visit Torres del
Paine each year.
HE LANDMARKS OF SOUTH AMERICA
1. Natural Wonders
Colca Canyon
o Located about 100 miles northwest of
Arequipa, Colca Canyon is one of the best
known natural attractions in Peru,.
o As a part of the Colca Valley, the canyon is one
of the deepest in the world at 10,730 feet deep
(3,270 meters).
o As a part of the Andes Mountains, the valley is
full of history and culture with pre-Inca roots
and Spanish colonial influence. These days,
many of the people living in the valley
continue to practice their ancestral traditions.
HE LANDMARKS OF SOUTH AMERICA
1. Natural Wonders
The Andes Mountains
o From north to south, the Andes
Mountains extend almost entirely
throughout South America and help
define the landscape of the entire
continent.
o The entire mountain range boasts
majestic features, whether exploring
in Colombia or Argentina.
HE LANDMARKS OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
The Manzana de las Luces
(Block of Lights)
o Buenos Aires, Argentina
o served as the intellectual center of
the city in the 17th and 18th
centuries
o was granted in 1616 to the Jesuits,
who built San Ignacio -- the city's
oldest church -- still standing at the
corner of Bolívar and Aslina streets
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
Tiwanaku, Bolivia
o The Tiwanaku lived in Bolivia from 1600
B.C. to A.D. 1200
o The stone-carved Sun Gate could gauge
the position of the sun. The
technologically advanced irrigation
system transformed this barren terrain into
viable farmland.
o The enormous and intricately designed
stone-carved monoliths found here give
testament to the amazing artistic talents of
these people.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
Pelourinho, Brazil
o The restored historical center of
Salvador is a treasure trove of
baroque churches, colorful
colonial architecture, steep
cobblestone streets, and large
squares.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
Cartagena, Colombia
o Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site
in 1984, the old walled city of Cartagena
is the greatest living outdoor museum
dedicated to Spanish colonial history.
o A walk through one of Cartagena's narrow
cobblestone streets, complete with
centuries-old Spanish mansions, flower-
strewn balconies, and horse-drawn
carriages showing tourists around town,
might make you feel as if you've stepped
onto the set of a colonial-era telenovela.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
Quito's Old Town, Ecuador
o The oldest church here dates from
1535, and it's still magnificent. La
Compañia de Jesús only dates from
1765, but it is one of the most
impressive baroque structures in all
of South America.
o It's rare to find a city with so many
charming colonial-style buildings.
When you wander through the
streets, it really seems as if you are
walking through an outdoor
museum.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
2. Historic Sites
Cusco, Peru
o Cusco, the ancient Inca capital, is a living
museum of Peruvian history, with Spanish
colonial churches and mansions sitting atop
perfectly constructed Inca walls of exquisitely
carved granite blocks that fit together without
mortar.
. In the hills above the city lie more terrific
examples of Inca masonry: the zigzagged
defensive walls of Sacsayhuamán and the
smaller ruins of Q'enko, Puca Pucara, and
Tambomachay.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
Designed
3. Landscapes
Christ the Redeemer,
Brazil
o Christ the Redeemer sits at the top of
Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro in
Brazil.
o It is one of Brazil’s and South
America’s most recognized
landmarks and provides a stunning
view of the city. The statue was built
between 1922 and 1931 and it is
know as one of the New Seven
Wonders of the World.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
Designed
3. Landscapes
Floralis Genérica
Argentina, Buenos Aires
o A robotic monument, built in 2002.
o The constructed flower reflects the city
around it in the aluminum of its petals. When
the petals close at night, the flower glows red.
o On just four nights of the year, the petals of
the Floralis Generica remain open: May 25,
September 21, December 24, and 31, keeping
Buenos Aires in bloom all night long.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
Designed
3. Landscapes
Botanical Garden of Medellín
o The Joaquin Antonio Uribe Botanical
Garden of Medellín, is a 14-hectare
botanical garden in Medellín, Colombia.
The botanical garden has 4,500 flowers
and 139 recorded bird species.
o The entrance pavilion to the botanical
garden was designed by Lorenzo
Castro and Ana Elvira Vélez. The
garden includes a butterfly house,
cactus garden, exhibition spaces,
library, and pond
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
Designed
3. Landscapes
Cockfighting Coliseum Garden
Lima, Peru
o The idea was to transform the old
coliseum in a relaxing garden that
would allow meditation maintaining
the essence of its function through the
years.
o Yin and yang symbols set a meditative
tone for the space and "reinforce the
idea of a memorial garden."
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
Designed
3. Landscapes
La Mano de Punta del Este
o La Mano (The Hand) is a sculpture in Punta
del Este by Chiliean artist Mario Irarrázabal.
o It depicts five human fingers partially emerging
from sand and is located on Parada 1 at Brava
Beach in Punta del Este, a popular resort town
in Uruguay.
o It is a famous sculpture that has become a
symbol for Punta del Este since its completion
in February 1982 and in turn has become one of
Uruguay's most recognizable landscapes.
E LANDSCAPES OF SOUTH AMERICA
THANK
YOU!
It was a 30
great
discussion!
REFERENCES
o https://e2f.com/4751/
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_South_America
o https://www.babbel.com/en/magazine/languages-in-south-
america/
o https://www.frommers.com/destinations/south-
CREDITS
america/introduction/the-best-historic-sites
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o https://www.getyourguide.com/magazine/2019/01/natural-wonder
s-south-america/
o https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America
o https://www.kids-world-travel-guide.com/south-america-facts.html
o https://land8.com/10-of-the-best-tourist-spots-for-landscape-architec
ture-in-south-america/
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